人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水深度处理技术研究现状  

Current Research of Constructed Wetlands for Advanced Treatment Technologies of WWTPs Tailwater

作　　者：孙健 李露 王媚 李卿 邹磊 刘海燕 SUN Jian;LI Lu;WANG Mei;LI Qing;ZOU Lei∗;LIU Haiyan(Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期27-36,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：湖北省中国科学院科技合作专项项目(KY-N-S-2022-002)。

摘　　要：人工湿地作为城镇污水处理厂尾水深度处理的典型工艺,具有运行费用低、维护简单、景观效果好等优点。【目的】虽然尾水人工湿地存在脱氮除磷效率不高(尤其是脱氮)的问题,但可通过一些措施有效提高处理效率。【方法】文章从提高尾水人工湿地处理效果的主要措施(水生植物、基质、组合工艺、与电化学工艺耦合以及提升反硝化脱氮)进行了总结。【结果】不同水生植物对营养盐具有不同的去除效果,采用不同植物组合的方式可以提高尾水人工湿地的净化效果;为保证人工湿地较好的净化效果,根据所需去除的污染物可选取高效基质,但需考虑基质吸附饱和后湿地的处理效率降低以及基质费用等因素;实际工程中选择不同类型湿地串联组合可以有效避免一种流态湿地的自有缺陷,提高尾水深度净化的效果;将电化学技术与人工湿地耦合处理尾水虽然能够提升湿地处理效率,但相关研究目前处于小试阶段,离工程应用还有段距离;向湿地系统中添加额外的碳源可以增强人工湿地的异养反硝化能力,但对工程实践的指导性不强。自养反硝化尤其是硫基自养反硝化可以维持湿地高效的氮去除能力,但需考虑湿地出水存在硫酸盐含量偏高以及pH偏低的问题。【结论】在尾水人工湿地实际工程应用中,设计人员应依据不同技术的优缺点制定具体实施方案,以保障人工湿地对尾水高效的净化效果。Constructed wetland is a typical technology for the advanced treatment of effluent from urban wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),offering advantages such as low operating cost,simple maintenance,and good landscaping effects.[Objective]Constructed wetlands for effluent treatment often exhibit low nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies,especially for nitrogen.But some measures can be taken to improve the efficiency of treatment.[Methods]The main measures to improve the treatment performance of constructed wetlands for effluent are summarized,including aquatic plants,substrates,combined processes,coupling with electrochemical processes,and enhancing denitrification.[Results]Different aquatic plants have varying removal effects on nutrients,and using a combination of different plants can enhance the purification effect of constructed wetlands.To ensure good purification performance,efficient functional substrates can be selected based on the pollutants to be removed,but factors such as the decline in treatment efficiency after substrate saturation and the cost of substrates need to be considered.Selecting different types of wetlands in series can effectively avoid the inherent defects of a single type wetland and improve the advanced purification effect in practical engineering.Coupling electrochemical technology with constructed wetlands can enhance treatment efficiency,but relevant research is currently in the pilot stage and is currently impossible in engineering applications.Adding additional carbon sources can enhance the heterotrophic denitrification capacity of constructed wetlands,but it has limited guidance for engineering practice;autotrophic denitrification,especially sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification,can maintain high nitrogen removal efficiency,but it is necessary to consider issues such as high sulfate content and low pH in the effluent.[Conclusion]Therefore,in practical engineering applications designers should develop specific implementation plans based on the advantages and disadvantages

关 键 词：人工湿地 城镇污水处理厂尾水 水生植物 基质 组合工艺 电化学工艺 反硝化脱氮 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]