污水厂碳排放影响因素及碳中和潜力分析  

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality Potential of WWTPs

作　　者：陈红芳 贺珊珊 马民 黄琦 万年红 刘海燕 计险 周小丹 CHEN Hongfang;HE Shanshan;MA Min;HUANG Qi;WAN Nianhong;LIU Haiyan;JI Xian;ZHOU Xiaodan(Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Wuhan Urban Drainage Development Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Wuhan Sponge City and Utility Tunnel Construction Management Station,Wuhan 430023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]武汉市城市排水发展有限公司,湖北武汉430010 [3]武汉市海绵城市和综合管廊建设管理站,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期98-107,158,共11页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：武汉市城建局科技计划项目(202236);武汉市城市排水发展有限公司科研项目(PS-ZGB-FK-2023-218)。

摘　　要：【目的】“3060”碳目标的提出,激励各个行业聚焦“双碳”问题。污水处理过程中产生碳源和碳汇,对其进行核算是非常有必要的。【方法】文章针对运营企业层面,研究污水处理厂碳排放影响因素,进一步分析碳排放特征和碳中和潜力,为污水处理厂低碳运行调整提供依据。文章通过明确运营企业管理范围内碳排放核算边界,结合实际工艺运行情况选取切实可用的碳核算方法和排放因子,对该运营企业管理的8座污水处理厂展开碳排放核算和分析。【结果】研究显示,该运营企业总碳排放量为1.95×10^(5) t CO_(2)/a,总碳排放强度为0.25 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。8座污水厂年碳排放量为7365.8~53083.1 t CO_(2)/a,碳排放强度为0.17~0.47 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。污水处理厂碳排放强度与吨水电耗相关性系数(R^(2))为0.94,与吨水药耗R^(2)为0.91,从工艺类型考虑,碳排放强度表现为氧化沟<厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)<AAO+膜生物反应器(MBR)<曝气生物滤池(BAF),这主要跟工艺运行电耗、药耗相关;按碳源贡献进行修正的污染物削减综合指数、耗氧污染物削减量,均与碳排放强度相关性增强;在采用光伏发电、再生水回用等减排措施后,WWTP1净碳排放强度为-0.022 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。【结论】该运营企业管理的污水厂采用工艺不同,碳排放差异较大,根本原因是受吨水药耗、吨水电耗的影响;在碳排放研究时,应当考虑碳源对直接碳排放的影响;利用厂区环境和工艺优势,该运营企业管理的污水厂可实现厂区运行碳中和目标。[Objective]The proposal of the"3060"carbon target has encouraged various industries to focus on the"double carbon"issue.It is necessary to calculate the carbon sources and carbon sinks in the process of wastewater treatment.[Methods]The paper studied the factors of the carbon emissions of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)at the operating enterprise level,further analyzed the characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon neutrality potential,and provides basis for the low-carbon operation adjustment of WWTPs.This paper clarified the boundaries of carbon emission accounting within the management scope of the operating enterprise,selected practical and available carbon accounting method and emission factors based on the actual process operation,and conducted carbon emission accounting and analysis of the eight WWTPs managed by the operating enterprise.[Results]Research showed that the total carbon emissions of the operating company were 1.95×10^(5) t CO_(2)/a,and the total carbon emission intensity was 0.25 kg CO_(2)/m3.The annual carbon emission range of the eight WWTPs was 7365.8~53083.1 t CO_(2)/a,and the carbon emission intensity was 0.17~0.47 kg CO_(2)/m^(3).The correlation coefficient(R^(2))of the carbon emission intensity and electricity consumption per ton of water was 0.94,and the R^(2) of the carbon emission intensity and chemical consumption per ton of water was 0.91.From the perspective of process type,the order of carbon emission intensity was manifested as oxidation ditch<anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(AAO)<AAO+(MBR)<biological aerated filter(BAF),which was mainly related to the power consumption and chemical consumption of the process.The comprehensive pollutant reduction index and the reduction of oxygen-consuming pollutants adjusted based on carbon source contributions both exhibit enhanced correlation with carbon emission intensity.With using emission reduction measures such as photovoltaic power generation and recycled water reuse,the net carbon emission intensity of WWTP1 was-0.022 kg CO_(2)/m^(3).[Con

关 键 词：碳排放 碳中和 污水处理厂(WWTP) 碳源 污染物削减 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]