极端低温低负荷小型城镇生活污水处理厂的运行优化  

Operation Optimization of Small-Scale Town WWTPs under Extreme Low Temperature and Low Load

作　　者：朱加勇 杨喆程 夏海霞 张薛龙 李鹏 ZHU Jiayong;YANG Zhecheng;XIA Haixia;ZHANG Xuelong;LI Peng(Beijing Enfi Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]北京恩菲环保股份有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期119-125,149,共8页Water Purification Technology

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,我国北方城市的周边区域正处于快速开发阶段,但在开发初期,各区域配套建设的污水处理厂多面临着水温低、负荷小等问题,而国内相关的研究尚显不足。【方法】为探究低温低负荷条件下污水处理厂的运行优化思路,以北方某新建小型城镇生活污水处理厂为例,对比其设计规模以及建成投运后实际进水水质、水量情况,通过工艺设计研究及全流程跟踪试验,分析存在问题并提出技术改造方案。【结果】投运初期,该污水处理厂进水负荷不足设计水平的10%,极端进水水温仅为2℃,导致设备调控困难、微生物活性降低、生物脱氮除磷受到全面抑制,严重影响了污水处理厂的正常运行。通过对污水处理厂生化系统、曝气系统的优化改造,并新建升温供热系统,改善了微生物的生存环境,并大幅提高了污水厂的运行效率。设计改造完成后,生物池水温稳定在(15.1±1.3)℃,平均升温10.37℃,综合药耗相对改造前节省了46%,电耗节省45.5万kW·h/年,同时出水可达到《水污染物综合排放标准》(DB11/307—2013)规定的A排放限值要求。【结论】针对低温低负荷的小型城镇生活污水处理厂,可从减少运行池容、提高污泥负荷、增建升温供热系统等方面开展运行优化,达到稳定运行和节能降耗的目标。[Objective]In recent years,the surrounding areas of cities in northern China have been undergoing rapid development.However,in early stage of development,many wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)supporting the construction of various regions are faced with problems such as low water temperature and small load,while domestic research on this issue is still inadequate.[Methods]To explore the operational optimization of WWTPs under low temperature and low load conditions,taking a newly built small-scale urban domestic WWTP in the north as an example,comparing its design scale as well as the actual water quality and quantity of the inflow after its completion and operation.This study analyzed the existing problems and proposed technical reconstruction plans through process design research and full-process tracking experiments.[Results]During the initial operational period,the influent load of WWTP was less than 10%of the design capacity,and the extreme influent water temperature was only 2℃.This resulted in difficulties in equipment control,reduced microbial activity,and complete inhibition of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal,severely affecting the normal operation of the WWTP.Through optimization and renovation of the biochemical and aeration systems,as well as the construction of a new heating system,the living environment for microorganisms was improved,and the operational efficiency of the WWTP was significantly enhanced.After the design and reconstruction were completed,the water temperature of the biological pool was stable at(15.1±1.3)℃,and the average temperature rise was 10.37℃.Compared with before the reconstruction,the comprehensive chemical consumption was saved by 46%,and the power consumption was reduced by 455000 kW·h/a.At the same time,the effluent could meet the A emission limit requirements stipulated in the Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants(DB11/307—2013).[Conclusion]For small-scale urban domestic WWTPs under low temperature and low load conditions,operational opti

关 键 词：地表水Ⅲ类 低温 低负荷 系统改造 节能降耗 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]