上海市城区某河道底泥重金属污染评价及来源分析  

Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediment of a River in Shanghai City

作　　者：聂世勇 黄志金 王建芹 NIE Shiyong;HUANG Zhijin;WANG Jianqin(Shanghai Hongbo Engineering Consulting Management Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201707,China;River and Lake Water Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau,Shanghai201707,China)

机构地区：[1]上海宏波工程咨询管理有限公司,上海201707 [2]上海市水务局河湖水生态修复工程技术研究中心,上海201707

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期150-158,共9页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：上海市水务局2022年度科研计划项目(沪水科2022-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】开展河道底泥重金属污染评价及来源分析工作,对河道污染防治具有重要意义。【方法】以上海市城区河道外环西河底泥为研究对象,分析了8种重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、As、Cr、Ni)的含量分布特征,采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数法评价底泥中重金属污染程度,并通过Pearson相关性和主成分分析法对重金属进行溯源分析。【结果】结果表明,外环西河底泥重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、As、Cr、Ni的平均质量分数为0.11、24.26、24.40、76.91、0.07、6.93、85.52、69.57 mg/kg,Cd、Cr、Hg在河道底泥中分布极不均匀。地累积指数评价发现,河道底泥重金属元素污染程度依次为Ni>As>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Hg,所有点位底泥中Ni为轻度污染,部分点位的Hg、Cr为轻度污染。潜在生态风险指数评价显示,W10、W11点位重金属Hg为较高风险,Cd为中等风险,W12、W13、W16、W17点位的Hg、W18点位的Cd生态风险为中等风险,生态风险主要以重金属Hg、Cd、As、Ni等贡献为主。Pearson相关性和主成分分析结果表明,底泥中重金属Pb、Cu、Zn可能与交通运输有关,重金属Cr、Ni可能与工业生产有关,重金属Cd、Hg可能与大气污染有关。【结论】城区河道底泥可能受到复合污染,建议重点关注Hg、Cd、As、Ni等重金属变化情况。[Objective]The assessment and source identification of heavy metal contamination in river sediments are of critical importance for the prevention and mitigation of river pollution.[Methods]In this paper,the distribution characteristics of eight heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg,As,Cr and Ni)in the sediment of West River of Outer Ring Road were analyzed.The pollution degree of heavy metals in the sediment was evaluated by local accumulation index and potential ecological risk index.The trace analysis of heavy metals was carried out by Pearson correlation and principal component analysis.[Results]The result showed that the average contents of heavy metals Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg,As,Cr,Ni in river sediment of West River of Outer Ring Road were 0.11,24.26,24.40,76.91,0.07,6.93,85.52,69.57 mg/kg,and the distribution of Cd,Cr and Hg in river sediment was very uneven.According to the evaluation of ground accumulation index,the pollution degree of heavy metal elements in the river sediment was in the order of Ni>As>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Hg,and the Ni in the sediment at all points was mildly polluted,while the Hg and Cr in some points were mildly polluted.The evaluation of potential ecological risk index showed that heavy metal Hg at W10 and W11 was a high risk,Cd was a medium risk,Hg at W12,W13,W16,W17 and Cd at W18 was a medium risk,and the ecological risk was mainly contributed by heavy metal Hg,Cd,As and Ni.Pearson correlation and principal component analysis showed that heavy metals Pb,Cu and Zn in sediment may be related to transportation,Cr and Ni may be related to industrial production,and Cd and Hg may be related to air pollution.[Conclusion]The sediment in urban river channels may be subject to complex pollution,and it is imperative to closely monitor the variations in heavy metals such as Hg,Cd,As and Ni.

关 键 词：上海市 河道底泥 重金属 污染评价 来源分析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]