共产主义理论中的“现实运动”问题——当代西方激进左翼阐释共产主义的核心议题  

The Issue of“Real Movement”in the Theory of Communism:A Core Topic in the Interpretations of Communism by the Radical Left in Contemporary West

作　　者：李健 Li Jian

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2025年第3期94-104,M0006,共12页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪以来西方左翼学者对共产主义发展态势的理论研究”(22FKSB050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：进入21世纪,西方学界关于共产主义复兴的各种言论不绝于耳。对共产主义理论中“现实运动”问题的解读关乎对共产主义概念的本质性认识。有鉴于此,以奈格里、哈特、巴迪欧、朗西埃和齐泽克为代表的西方激进左翼学者提出,将共产主义阐释为一种打破资本主义既定秩序的现实运动,是共产主义理论中的核心议题。他们遵循从消灭资本主义现存状况到主体性生产的逻辑进路,在前提条件、发展主线和价值目标等方面重构了共产主义理论。这些关于共产主义的解读在一定程度上回归了马克思共产主义学说的初衷,重申了实现人类解放的价值目标,但同时也弱化了共产主义学说的历史唯物主义基础,最终使他们的共产主义理论只能达到有限的高度。Entering the 21st century,various discourses on the revival of communism have continued to emerge in Western academia.As the interpretation of the“real movement”issue within the theory of communism is crucial for understanding the essence of the concept of communism,left scholars in the West,represented by Negri,Hardt,Badiou,Ranciere,and Zizek,argue that interpreting communism as a real movement that breaks the established order of capitalism is a core topic within the theory of communist.They follow a logical progression from the elimination of the existing conditions of capitalism to the production of subjectivity,reconstructing the theory of communism in terms of preconditions,developmental lines and value objectives.These interpretations of communism,to some extent,return to the original intent of Marx's idea of communism,reaffirming the value-based goal of achieving human liberation.However,they also weaken the historical materialist foundation of the idea of communism,ultimately leading their theories of communism to reach only a limited height.

关 键 词：西方激进左翼哲学 共产主义理论 现实运动 历史唯物主义 资本主义 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]