水稻特异粒型种质粒型和粒重的QTL分析  

QTLs Analysis on Grain Shape and Grain Weight Using Specific Grain Germplasm in Rice

作　　者：刘丹 冯章丽 王嘉宇[2] 王棋[2] 刘进 孙玉友[4] 颜雄 冯博 吴舟 Liu Dan;Feng Zhangli;Wang Jiayu;Wang Qi;Liu Jin;Sun Yuyou;Yan Xiong;Feng Bo;Wu Zhou(College of Biology and Agriculture,Zunyi Normal College,Zunyi,563006;Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,110866;Research Center of Jiangxi Crop Germplasm Resources,National Engineering Research Center for Rice(Nanchang),Rice Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,330200;Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang,157041;College of Resources and Environment,Zunyi Normal College,Zunyi,563006)

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院生物与农业科技学院,遵义563006 [2]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,农业农村部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,沈阳110866 [3]江西省农业科学院水稻研究所,水稻国家工程研究中心(南昌),江西省农作物种质资源研究中心,南昌330200 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,牡丹江157041 [5]遵义师范学院资源与环境学院,遵义563006

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2025年第4期1105-1114,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：遵义市科技局、遵义师范学院联合科技研发项目(遵市科合HZ字〔2020〕11号);遵义师范学院“2021年学术新苗培养及创新探索项目”培育项目(遵师XM〔2021〕1号-8);遵义师范学院博士基金(遵师BS〔2019〕45号);遵义市科技局、遵义师范学院联合科技研发项目(遵市科合HZ字〔2020〕18号);赤水河流域动物资源保护与应用研究特色重点实验室2021年度开放课题(黔教合KY字〔2013〕111-09号);贵州省高等学校黔北现代山地高效农业科技成果转移转化服务乡村振兴示范基地(黔教技〔2022〕067号);遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字276号)共同资助。

摘　　要：水稻籽粒大小直接影响其产量和品质。为了解析粒型和粒重性状的遗传调控机理,本研究以大粒种质LG(♀)和小粒种质SG(♂)为亲本构建的F_(2)群体为材料,对粒长(GL)、粒宽(GW)、粒厚(GT)、粒长宽比(LWR)和千粒重(TWG)5个性状进行了表型分析和QTL(Quantitative trait locus)定位。结果表明,F_(2)群体的粒长、粒长宽比和千粒重3个性状呈现双峰分布,粒宽和粒厚2个性状呈现连续的正态分布。5个籽粒性状间存在显著或极显著相关性,除粒长宽比与粒宽、粒厚呈负相关性,其他性状间均表现为正相关关系。共检测到17个控制粒型和粒重性状的QTL位点,包括5个粒长QTLs、2个粒宽QTLs、3个粒厚QTLs、4个粒长宽比QTLs以及3个千粒重QTLs,分布在第1~9号染色体上,单个QTL贡献率在0.50%~18.08%;在第2、5和8号染色体上检测到3个多效QTL簇,其中2号染色体存在一个调控籽粒大小相关的主效QTL簇qGS2,通过F_(2)群体单株基因初步验证了qGS2的功能效应。本研究有助于后续水稻粒型和粒重调控机理的遗传解析,也为水稻籽粒性状改良提供宝贵的基因资源。Grain size of rice directly affects its yield and quality.To analyze the genetic regulation mechanism of grain shape and grain weight trait,F_(2) population derived from LG(♀)and SG(♂)were used to explore phenotypic analysis and QTL mapping on 5 traits such as grain length(GL),grain width(GW),grain thickness(GT),length-width ratio(LWR),1000 grain weight(TGW).The results showed that GL,LWR,TGW showed a doublepeak distribution,and GW,GT showed a continuous normal distribution in F_(2) population.There were significant or extremely significant correlations among the 5 grain traits.Except LWR was negatively correlated with GWand GT,other traits were positively correlated with each other.A total of 17 QTLs controlling grain shape and grain weight trait were detected including 5 GL QTLs,2 GWQTLs,3 GT QTLs,4 LWR QTLs,and 3 TGW QTLs,which distributed on chromosomes 1 to 9,the contribution of single QTL was between 0.50%~18.08%,and 3 pleiotropic QTL clusters detected on chromosomes 2,5 and 8.More importantly,there is a major QTL cluster qGS2 on chromosome 2,which regulates grain size.The functional effect of qGS2 was preliminarily verified by F_(2) population.The results of this study are helpful to the genetic analysis of rice grain shape and grain weight regulation mechanism and provide valuable genetic resources for rice grain traits improvement.

关 键 词：水稻 F_(2) 粒型 QTL定位 qGS2 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]