云南罗平圭山M9出土漆土质遗存科学分析  

Scientific analysis of lacquered soil remains unearthed from M9 in Guishan,Luoping,Yunnan Province

作　　者：陈佳柯 刘勇 杨勇[2] 庞玲 韩向娜 CHEN Jia-ke;LIU Yong;YANG Yong;PANG Ling;HAN Xiang-na

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101 [3]罗平县文物管理所,曲靖655800

出　　处：《中国生漆》2025年第1期57-61,共5页Journal of Chinese Lacquer

基　　金：北京市宣传文化高层次人才培养资助项目(编号:99203070);中国社会科学院哲学社会科学创新工程项目(编号:2021KGYJ022)。

摘　　要：云南罗平县圭山M9出土一批汉代漆器,出土时木胎已腐蚀殆尽,器物内部被土壤填充,仅余漆膜附着土上,成为“漆土质”遗存。本研究采用显微观察、扫描电镜-能谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热裂解气相色谱质谱技术、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱等现代分析手段研究漆膜的保存状态、制作原料与髹漆工艺,对漆膜周围赋存土壤的矿物组成及可溶盐成分进行定性定量分析,探讨漆器成为漆土质遗存的原因。结果表明,M9出土的漆膜成分为中国漆,添加有干性油和淀粉。漆膜髹漆层分为三层,依次为朱漆层、底漆层、漆灰层,厚度分别约为34μm、27μm、125μm,朱漆层与底漆层经过找平处理。朱漆层是大漆掺和红色颜料朱砂调制而成,漆灰层中掺和有黏土。漆膜埋藏土壤为红壤类铁铝土,含有三水铝石、石英、钙长石等矿物。土壤饱和含水率约为30.39%,pH约5.28,可溶盐含量约为0.035%,种类主要为NaCl、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O等。分析认为,罗平圭山高湿酸性土壤环境有利于漆膜保存,但不利于木胎保存。本研究联合多种科技手段对圭山M9出土的漆土质遗存进行初步的科学分析,将为此类考古漆器的保护修复提供科学支撑。A set of Han Dynasty lacquer wares were unearthed from M9 at Guishan in Luoping,Yunnan.The wooden body of the excavated lacquer wares have completely decayed,leaving the lacquered films attached to the soil inside the objects,being what is known as“lacquer-soil remains”.This study employs modern analytical techniques,including depth-of-field microscope,scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray fluorescence,to investigate the preservation state,raw materials,and lacquer techniques of the lacquered films.Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the mineral composition and soluble salt components of the surrounding soil were also conducted to explore the reasons behind the formation of lacquer-soil remains.The results indicate that the lacquered films from M9 tomb consist of Chinese lacquer,with added drying oil and starch.The lacquered films comprise three layers:the red top lacquered layer,the primer lacquered layer,and the ash layer,with approximate thicknesses of 34μm,27μm,and 125μm,respectively.The red top lacquered layer and primer lacquered layer underwent a leveling process.The red top lacquered layer is made of lacquer mixed with cinnabar pigment,while the ash layer contains clay.The burial soil is identified as lateritic red soil,containing minerals like gibbsite,quartz,and calcite,with a saturation water content of approximately 30.39%,pH of about 5.28.The soluble salt content of is around 0.035%,mainly NaCl,NaNO3,and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O.The study concludes that the highly humid and acidic soil environment of the Guishan favors the preservation of lacquered films,but is not conducive to the wooden body.This study provides preliminary scientific analysis using various technological methods on the lacquer-soil remains unearthed from the M9 in Guishan. The results will provide scientific support for thepreservation and restoration of similar archaeolog

关 键 词：云南圭山墓群 漆土质遗存 可溶盐 PH 

分 类 号：K876.7[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]