含油气盆地中有机成因天然氢气形成初探  

A preliminary study of the formation of organic-originated natural hydrogen in petroliferous basins

作　　者：徐浩[1] 周文[1,2] 周秋媚[2] 何建华 邓乃尔 钟治奇 蒋柯 曹茜[2] 武瑾[3,4] XU Hao;ZHOU Wen;ZHOU Qiumei;HE Jianhua;DENG Naier;ZHONG Zhiqi;JIANG Ke;CAO Qian;WU Jin(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Energy(College of Modern Shale Gas Industry),Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;National Energy Shale Gas Research and Development(Experiment)Center,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都610059 [2]成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院),成都610059 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期330-343,共14页Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42202189,42472189);四川省自然科学基金项目(24NSFSC4997)。

摘　　要：有机成因天然氢气是含油气盆地中一种具有重要潜力的资源,本文旨在探讨这类氢气在含油气盆地中形成和富集的可能性。本文首先区分了天然氢气的无机与有机成因类型,重点探讨了有机成因天然氢气的形成;其次分析了有机质热演化成烃过程及甲烷裂解成氢的机理和条件。研究表明,沉积盆地中的有机质演化至“石墨化阶段”时(或埋深超过20 km、温度达到700℃以上时),有机成因甲烷可通过裂解形成大量天然氢气。在水蒸气存在的条件下,这些氢气可能被保存并相对富集。勘探成果显示,随着勘探向盆地深部推进,高演化烃源岩地层中有机成因氢气的出现频率和含量均有所增加。未来在更大勘探深度下,含油气盆地中有望发现更高浓度的有机成因天然氢气,甚至可能存在“纯”氢气藏。这些发现可为含油气盆地中有机成因天然氢气的勘探提供新视角,为能源转型中的清洁能源开发提供潜在方向。Organic-origin natural hydrogen is a resource with substantial potential in hydrocarbon-bearing basins.This paper investigates the formation and accumulation potential of this type of hydrogen in such basins.First,we differentiate between inorganic and organic sources of natural hydrogen,with a focus on the formation processes of organic-origin natural hydrogen.We then examine the mechanisms and conditions of hydrocarbon generation from the thermal evolution of organic matter,as well as the cracking of methane into hydrogen.The findings indicate that,in sedimentary basins,when organic matter reaches the graphitization stage or at depths exceeding 20 km with temperatures above 700℃,organic-origin methane can crack to produce substantial quantities of natural hydrogen.In the presence of water vapor,this hydrogen may be preserved and relatively enriched.Exploration results show that as drilling progresses deeper into the basin,the frequency and concentration of organic-origin hydrogen in highly evolved hydrocarbon source rock formations increase.At even greater depths,higher concentrations of organic-origin natural hydrogen,and potentially even“pure”hydrogen reservoirs,may be discovered in petroliferous basins.These findings provide a new perspective for the exploration of organic-origin natural hydrogen in hydrocarbon basins and offer potential directions for clean energy development in the context of energy transition.

关 键 词：含油气盆地 有机成因天然氢气 有机质热演化 甲烷裂解 勘探潜力 

分 类 号：TE02[石油与天然气工程]