叙事定位理论的演进:理论基础与数据来源  

Theoretical Foundations and Data Sources in the Evolution of Narrative Positioning Theory

作　　者：兰良平[1] 章梦瑶 LAN Liangping;ZHANG Mengyao(School of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学外国语学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《外国语》2025年第2期65-73,共9页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国英语学习者能动性的话语建构和发展路径研究”(21BYY303);浙江师范大学专项课题“‘城乡携手、共享课堂’教育共富新样态下的教师能动性研究”(23JYGF20)。

摘　　要：现有的定位理论综述多聚焦于发展历程,但对其理论基础和数据来源的探讨较为有限。而深入研究这两方面对于理论创新具有重要意义。通过系统梳理相关文献,本研究发现:1)定位理论的分析重点经历了从叙事分析、对话分析、互动分析到综合分析的发展演变;2)不同阶段借鉴的理论框架分别是言语行为理论与叙事学、巴赫金的对话理论与戈夫曼的产出模式、会话分析与互动社会语言学,以及语言人类学中的指向性理论和合作原则中的关系准则;3)研究者从早期使用自编故事、访谈叙事、小故事,到后期结合会话叙事与民族志数据,使得分析层次不断深化。定位理论的演进为社会语言学、外语教学和语用学提供了新的理论视角。整体而言,对语言事实的尊重以及对新理论框架的引入,共同促进了叙事定位理论的演变。Existing reviews on positioning theory have predominantly focused on delineating its developmental trajectories, with limited attention to its theoretical underpinnings and data sources. A deeper exploration of these aspects,however, can illuminate the pathways for the theoretical innovation. Through a systematic review of relevant literature,this study identifies three key shifts: 1) The analytical focus has evolved from narrative analysis and dialogic analysis,through interactional analysis, to a more integrated approach. 2) The theoretical foundations have been informed by speech act theory and narratology, Bakhtin's dialogic theory and Goffman's production format, conversation analysis and interactional sociolinguistics, as well as the theory of indexicality and relation maxim within Grice's Cooperative Principle. 3) There has been a transition from fabricated and interview narratives, through small stories, to conversational narratives and ethnographic fieldwork. Positioning theory has introduced novel perspectives to sociolinguistics, foreign language teaching, and pragmatics. In summary, the evolution of positioning theory is largely attributable to a steadfast respect for linguistic facts and the incorporation of innovative theoretical perspectives.

关 键 词：叙事定位 历史演进 理论基础 数据来源 理论创新 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]