破产法视角下动产担保规则的适用限制  

Application Limitation of Movable Property Guarantee Rule Under Bankruptcy Law

作　　者：石一峰 Shi Yifeng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院破产法研究中心

出　　处：《法学》2025年第3期108-123,共16页Law Science

基　　金：浙江省法学会重点课题“服务保障浙江营商环境高质量发展研究——‘企业家人才队伍’法治保障制度研究”(2024NB07);“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助。

摘　　要：在破产法视角下,基于破产法理念和动产担保规则的自身功能限度,在破产程序中具体适用动产担保规则时应予以必要的限制。其中,最值得分析的适用限制包括动产担保规则适用范围的限缩和动产担保冲突解决规则的适用条件限制。限缩动产担保规则适用范围的原因是,在担保功能主义限度下,一般的所有权保留、融资租赁等不能完全作为担保规则看待。同时,在破产法公平清偿理念下,当买受人或承租人破产时,在允许合同解除的前提下,所有权保留或融资租赁的标的物一般以取回为原则,但在破产重整救济要求下可作特别处理。在动产担保冲突解决规则的适用中,未经登记动产抵押权不得对抗规则、正常经营活动中的买受人规则以及价金担保超级顺位规则等都需在一般的适用条件之外,特别注意破产法公平清偿理念及其具体要求所带来的适用条件限制。通过阐明破产法下动产担保规则的适用限制,可加强民法典与破产法相关制度之间的衔接与互动,为破产法实务提供指引,也为破产法的修改奠定基础。From the perspective of bankruptcy law,based on the principles of bankruptcy law and the functional limitations of movable property security rules,it is necessary to impose certain restrictions when applying these rules in bankruptcy proceedings.The most noteworthy restrictions include limiting the scope of application of movable property security rules and the conditions for applying conflict resolution rules in movable property security.The reason for limiting the scope of application of these rules is that,under limits of functionalism,retention of ownership and financing leases cannot be fully regarded as security rules.At the same time,under the principle of fair liquidation in bankruptcy law,the subject matter of retention of ownership or financing lease is generally taken back as a principle when the buyer or lessee goes bankrupt,provided that the contract allows for termination in such circumstances.However,it can be specially treated under the requirements of bankruptcy reorganization relief.In the application of conflict resolution rules for movable property security,in addition to the general application conditions,special attention should be paid to the limitations on the application conditions brought about by the principle of fair liquidation in bankruptcy law and its specific requirements.This includes rules such as the non-opposition of unregistered movable mortgages,the rights of buyers in the ordinary course of business,and the super-priority rules for purchase-money security interests.By clarifying the restrictions on the application of movable property security rules under bankruptcy law,it can strengthen the connection and interaction between the relevant systems of the Civil Code and the Bankruptcy Law,provide guidance for bankruptcy law practice,and lay the foundation for the amendment of the Bankruptcy Law.

关 键 词：动产担保规则 功能限度 公平清偿理念 适用限制 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]