摩尼教與回鶻商人的興起  

Manichaeism and the Rise of Uighur Merchants

作　　者：付馬 Fu Ma

机构地区：[1]北京大學中國古代史研究中心暨歷史學系

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2025年第1期133-158,407,408,共28页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社會科學重點研究基地重大項目“敦煌吐魯番文書所記絲綢之路史料的輯録舆研究”(22JJD770008)的階段性成果。

摘　　要：回鶻汗國統治者改宗外來宗教摩尼教,爲其治下的大量粟特商人與回鶻等遁牧部族的融合創造了條件。在共生的環境中,共有宗教文化的凝聚使粟特商人形成回鶻認同,逐渐走向回鶻化,對外亦以回鶻自居,回鶻商人由此出現在歷史舞臺上。摩尼教教團在回髀政權内取得超然地位,獏得極大的政治和經濟特權,開始利用粟特-回鶻商人參與到絲绸之路貿易中,成爲回鶻治下最具有優勢的商人群體。摩尼教團與栗特-回鶻商人的結合形成回鶻摩尼教商人集團,成爲9-11世紀最具代表性的絲綢之路商人群體。The conversion to Manichaeism of the Uighur Khans provided conditions for the integration of a large number of Sogdian merchants under the Uighur rule with the Uighurs and other nomadic tribes.In a symbiotic environment,the cohesion of shared religious culture enabled Sogdian merchants to form a Uighur identity,gradually move towards Uighurization,and present themselves as Uighurs to the outside world.Uighur merchants thus appeared on the historical stage.The Manichaean Order achieved a transcendent status within the Uighur regime and obtained great political and economic privileges.They began to use Sogdian-Uighur merchants to participate in the Silk Road trade and became the most advantageous merchant group under the Uighur rule.The combination of the Manichaean order and the Sogdian-Uighur merchants formed the Uighur Manichaean merchant group,which was the most representative merchant group on the eastern Silk Road from the 9th to the 1lth century.

关 键 词：摩尼教 粟特 回鶻 絲綢之路 商人 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]