律典與法事——敦煌《無常經》與《無常説》研究  

The Vinayas and the Buddhist Rituals:Studies on the"Sutra of Impermanence"and the"Lecture on Sitra of Impermanence"from Dunhuang

作　　者：任小波 Ren Xiaobo

机构地区：[1]復旦大學中國歷史地理研究所

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2025年第1期159-179,408,409,共23页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

摘　　要：敦煌漢文《無常經》寫本,卷號將近百件。根據根本説一切有部律典,佛教教團舉行功德回向法事、比丘喪葬法事之時,均須持誦《無常經》以爲祝禱。敦煌P.5585.r+P.5588.9+P.T.735.r號《無常經》藏文題記表明,此卷正是一件用於吐蕃官方回向法事期間的贊普功德經本。敦煌P.2055號中的《無常經》一類寫經,則是用於僧團或民間喪葬法事期間的佛教葬儀經本。敦煌藏文《無常説》與漢文《無常經講經文》的同源性,進一步揭示了敷陳《無常經》經義的俗講話本在敦煌漢藏雙語社會的傳播和流行。There are nearly one hundred manuscripts of the Chinese"Sutra of Impermanence"(Anityata-sitra,Wuchang Jing)from Dunhuang.According to the Vinayas of Mulasarvastivadin,the sanghas must recite the"Sutra of Impermanence"in merit-making rituals and funeral rituals.Based on the Tibetan colophon of Dunhuang Manuscripts P.5585.r+P.5588.9+P.T.735.r,the"Sutra of Impermanence",we can learn that this text was a royal donation(sku yon)scripture used in an official merit-making ritual(sku rim gro)for the Tibetan Emperor.Furthermore,Dunhuang Manuscript P.2055,including the"Sutra of Impermanence",was a funeral ritual(mdad)scripture used by the sangha and common people.The discovery of the"Lecture on[Sutra of]Impermanence"(Myi rtag par bshad pa),as a type of Tibetan translation of Chinese transformation texts,indicates that the vernacular narratives(sujiang huaben)composed for preaching the"Sutra of Impermanence were quite popular in the society of Dunhuang.

关 键 词：《無常經》 《無常説》 律典 法事 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]