南京国民政府官方戒毒法的提出及其国际影响  

The Proposal of the Official Detoxification Method by the Nanjing National Government and Its International Influence

作　　者：张蒙 ZHANG Meng

机构地区：[1]英国曼彻斯特大学科学技术与医学史中心

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第2期50-63,共14页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：近代以来,医学界对鸦片成瘾的生理机制极感兴趣,许多人将其视为一种可以纯粹通过药物治愈的病理现象。20世纪30年代,北平协和医学院的解剖学教授马文昭在细胞学实验中发现,吗啡可导致细胞内磷脂类结构减少,提出服用蛋黄素的戒毒方法。很快,在国民政府禁烟运动的推动下,马文昭的戒烟法通过临床验证,成为南京国民政府标榜的官方戒烟法。对此,国际联盟及其成员国家和地区开展大规模的试验。然而,这种药物戒毒法与更为全面的药物-社会-心理综合的戒毒法相矛盾,忽视了吸毒现象背后的精神、经济和社会因素。因此,尽管蛋黄素戒烟法在印度获得成功,但未获得国际联盟和国际学界的广泛认可,最终消失在人们的视野中。Since the modern era,the medical community has shown a strong interest in the physiological mechanisms of opium addiction,with many viewing it as a pathological phenomenon that could be purely treated with medicine.In the 1930s,Ma Wenzhao,an anatomy professor at the Peking Union Medical College,discovered through cytological experiments that morphine reduced the phospholipid structures within cells.Based on this finding,he proposed a detoxification method involving lecithin supplementation.Driven by the National Government’s anti-opium campaign,Ma’s detoxification method underwent clinical validation and was adopted as the official detoxification method promoted by the Nanjing National Government.Subsequently,the League of Nations and its member states and regions conducted extensive trials on this method.However,this pharmacological detoxification approach conflicted with more comprehensive drug-social-psychological methods,which addressed the spiritual,economic,and social factors behind addiction.As a result,although the lecithin-based detoxification method achieved success in India,it failed to gain widespread recognition from the League of Nations and the international academic community and ultimately faded from public view.

关 键 词：马文昭 蛋黄素 戒毒 禁烟运动 

分 类 号：K826.2[历史地理—历史学]