统一抑或分散:检察公益诉讼法中受案范围的立法模式选择  

Harmonization or Decentralization:The Choice of Legislative Model for the Scope of Cases in Prosecutorial Public Interest Litigation Law

作　　者：秦正 QIN Zheng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第2期195-205,共11页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：“检察公益诉讼法”受案范围的立法模式可以分为统一立法模式和分散立法模式。在立法即将对检察公益诉讼制度进行系统构造的背景下,基于对检察公益诉讼的实践理路以及受案范围动态拓展的必然性考量,可以选择分散立法模式对检察公益诉讼受案范围进行规范建构。一方面,分散立法模式具有实践基础。检察公益诉讼从“部分试点”进入到“全面推开”阶段后,检察公益诉讼受案范围呈现出动态发展态势,确定了多元化的受案范围拓展模式,形成了以《行政诉讼法》《民事诉讼法》为核心,多部单行法规范共同明确的分散立法模式。另一方面,受案范围动态拓展的必然性以及地方性法规“先行探索”的规范空间及价值功能是选择分散立法模式的理论依据。分散立法模式下,检察公益诉讼受案范围的规范构造应当首先明确:“检察公益诉讼法”中关于公益诉讼受案范围的规定应当使用“概括+列举”的立法表达;其次,在“检察公益诉讼法”中分别明确民事公益诉讼以及行政公益诉讼范围;最后,以“积极+稳妥”的原则推动地方立法拓展受案范围。The legislative model of the scope of cases in the prosecutorial public interest litigation law can be categorized into a unified legislative model and a decentralized legislative model.In the context of the impending systematic construction of the legislation on prosecutorial public interest litigation system,considering the practice of prosecutorial public interest litigation and the inevitability of the dynamic expansion of the scope of the case,it is feasible to choose the decentralized mode of legislation to regulate and construct the scope of the prosecutorial public interest litigation cases.On the one hand,the decentralized legislative model has a practical basis.After procuratorial public interest litigation transitioned from“part of the pilot”into the“full-scale”stage,the scope of the prosecutorial public interest litigation presented a dynamic development trend.This has led to a diversified scope of the expansion of the case mode,with the Administrative Procedure Law,the Civil Procedure Law as the core,and multiple separate laws regulating the scope of the public interest litigation.On the other hand,the inevitable dynamic expansion of the scope of receiving cases,as well as the normative space and value function of the local laws and regulations in“exploring first”,are the theoretical basis for choosing the decentralized legislative model.Under the decentralized legislative model,the normative construction of the scope of prosecutorial public interest litigation should clarify:firstly,the provisions on the scope of public interest litigation in the prosecutorial public interest litigation law should use the legislative expression of“general+enumeration”;secondly,the scope of civil public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation should be clarified respectively in the prosecutorial public interest litigation law;finally,the scope of public interest litigation should be defined in the form of“active+steady”.

关 键 词：检察公益诉讼法 受案范围 立法模式 地方性法规 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学] D925