平台资本主义数字劳动的政治经济学批判——基于《资本论》及其手稿的分析  

Political and Economic Criticism of Digital Labor in Platform Capitalism: Based on Das Kapital and Its Manuscripts

作　　者：于天宇[1] Yu Tianyu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院,长春130012

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2025年第3期19-26,共8页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“罗萨社会加速批判理论及其当代价值研究”(23CKS034);黑龙江省哲学社会科学一般项目“新质生产力对马克思生产力理论的继承发展研究”(24KSB005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思认为在资本主义生产方式下,当劳动与作为资本的货币相交换,并创造剩余价值时即为生产劳动。在现代资本主义社会中,用户对平台的访问浏览,以数据的形式成为生产资料,平台资本通过对数据生产劳动、数据加工劳动以及由此衍生的服务劳动的剥削获取剩余价值。从资本主义生产关系的视角分析,生产数据的过程即数字劳动,其本质是更为隐匿的生产劳动。资本的增殖逻辑在数字平台中展现出了更强大的力量,在资本主义数字技术的支撑下,平台资本以嵌入人类生活世界全过程的方式,使生产劳动发生于无形之中,由此资本主义社会就成了资本剥削的血汗工厂与监控工厂。平台资本主义一方面造成了主体生活的资本化,另一方面造成了主体生命的工具化。立足于马克思主义政治经济学的理论视角对平台资本主义数字劳动进行深层次批判,是正确认识当代资本主义新变化,合理驾驭资本的理论指向。In Marx's theory of political economy, the concept of productive labor is clearly defined, that is, under the capitalist mode of production, labor exchanges with currency as capital and creates surplus value. In modern capitalist society, user access and browsing of platforms become means of production in the form of data. Platform capital obtains surplus value through the exploitation of data production labor, data processing labor, and the resulting service labor. From the perspective of capitalist production relations, the process of producing data, also known as digital labor, is essentially a more hidden form of production labor. The logic of capital proliferation has demonstrated a stronger power in digital platforms. With the support of capitalist digital technology, platform capital embeds into the entire process of human life, making production labor invisible and making capitalist society itself a sweatshop and monitoring factory for capital exploitation. On the one hand, platform capitalism has led to the capitalization of subject life, and on the other hand, it has led to the instrumentalization of subject life. Based on the theoretical perspective of Marxist political economy, a deep critique of digital labor in platform capitalism is a theoretical direction for correctly understanding the new changes in contemporary capitalism and managing capital reasonably.

关 键 词：平台资本主义 生产劳动 数字劳动 社会工厂 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]