欧美碳关税下中国新能源汽车出口:技术壁垒与标准破局  

The Export of China’s New Energy Vehicles under the Carbon Tariffs in Europe and the United States:Breaking through Technical Barriers by Standards

作　　者：杨笑嫣 YANG Xiao-yan(Beijing Municipal Research Center for Market Regulation and Development)

机构地区：[1]北京市市场监管发展研究中心

出　　处：《中国标准化》2025年第7期252-261,共10页China Standardization

摘　　要：在全球积极推动低碳发展的大背景下,中国新能源汽车产业凭借技术进步、规模效应等因素在国际市场上的影响力逐渐扩大。但欧美实施的碳关税政策,如欧盟的碳边境调整机制(CBAM),给中国新能源汽车出口带来了严峻挑战。本研究系统梳理了欧美碳关税政策内容,细致剖析了中国新能源汽车出口欧美现状,多维度研究欧美碳关税政策从成本增加、市场份额挤压、技术创新压力提升到供应链风险加剧等方面对出口产生的影响,详细探讨认证环节与知识产权方面遭遇的困境,进而提出构建全生命周期碳排放核算体系、加强技术创新与品牌建设、积极利用国际机制参与标准制定、强化质量监管与国际合作等应对策略,以期为中国新能源汽车产业在欧美碳关税政策下实现可持续发展,提升国际市场竞争力提供全面且深入的理论与实践探索。Against the backdrop of the vigorous promotion of low-carbon development across the world,the new energy vehicle industry in China has gradually expanded its influence in the international market due to factors such as technological progress and scale effects.However,the carbon tariff policies implemented by Europe and the United States,such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)of the European Union,have brought severe challenges to the export of China’s new energy vehicles.This study systematically sorts out the content of the carbon tariff policies in Europe and the United States,and analyzes in detail the current situation of China’s new energy vehicle exports to Europe and the United States.It studies the multi-dimensional impacts of the carbon tariff policies in Europe and the United States on exports,including the increase in costs,the competition for market share,the increasing pressure of technological innovation,and the intensification of supply chain risks.It discusses in detail the difficulties in the certification process and intellectual property rights.The paper proposes measures such as building a life-cycle carbon emission accounting system,strengthening technological innovation and brand building,actively using international mechanisms to participate in standards development,and strengthening quality supervision and international cooperation,in order to providing comprehensive and in-depth theoretical and practical guidance for the sustainable development of China’s new energy vehicle industry and improving its international market competitiveness under the carbon tariff policies in Europe and the United States.

关 键 词：欧美碳关税 新能源汽车出口 技术性贸易壁垒 国际标准制定 技术创新 

分 类 号：F752.5[经济管理—国际贸易]