基于古籍文献挖掘的中医鼻疗用药特点及适宜病症分析  

Analysis of the characteristics and suitable diseases of traditional Chinese medicine nasal therapy based on ancient literature mining

作　　者：赵怡楠 杨晶莹 齐玉濮 胡毅龙 任翔 黄宝玲 张双丽 宋亚刚 苗明三[1,2] ZHAO Yinan;YANG Jingying;QI Yupu;HU Yilong;REN Xiang;HUANG Baoling;ZHANG Shuangli;SONG Yagang;MIAO Mingsan(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,郑州450046 [2]豫药全产业链研发河南省协同创新中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2025年第3期1118-1124,共7页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.82274119);河南省重大专项(No.221100310400);河南省重大公益专项(No.201300310100);岐黄学者(No.国中医药人教函2022-6)。

摘　　要：中医鼻疗法临床实践丰富、理论基础广泛、药物来源多样、覆盖疾病类型全面,是一种传统高效的中医药治疗方法。本研究挖掘了650本中医药古籍中记载的鼻疗单味药和复方,分析该疗法的发展历程、高频药物、组方配伍、剂型用法、主治疾病等临床用药特点。结果发现,在164部不同历史时期的本草与方剂学专著中,共纳人鼻疗记载1215条,其中单味药570条,复方645条。其中高频单味药有大皂角、半夏、醋等,复方高频药物有细辛、雄黄、麝香、川芎等,多为开药,药味以辛、苦为主,药性以温、寒居多,药物多药性峻猛,效专力宏。药物剂型以散剂、烟剂居多,鼻方法多为吹鼻法和熏鼻法,药物功效以通关窍、清痰浊、开心窍为主,主治疾病涵盖内科、耳鼻喉与眼科、外科、妇科、儿科五大类,其中以脑系病证、鼻系病症、气血津液病证、咽喉系病证最多。通过系统整理古籍中鼻疗的用药特点及临床应用范围,旨在为发扬这一传统中医疗法,为中医临床治疗学的发展、中药给药途径的创新提供参考。Nasal therapy is a traditional and effcient traditional Chinese medicine treatment method with rich clinical practice,broad theoretical basis,diverse drug sources,and comprehensive coverage of disease types.In this study,we excavated 650 ancient Chinese medicine books with recorded single and compound rhinotherapy drugs,and analyzed the development history,high-frequency drugs,grouping and combination,dosage form usage,main treatment diseases and other clinical medication characteristics of this therapy.The results showed that in 164 monographs on materia medica and prescriptions from different historical periods,a total of 1215 records of nasal therapy were included,including 570 single-flavored drugs and 645 compound prescriptions.Among them,high-frequency single-flavored drugs include soapwort,half-xia,vinegar,etc..Highfrequency drugs in compound formulas include pungent,strophanthus,musk,Chuanxiong,etc..Most of them are orifice opening drugs,with pungent and bitter taste as the main ingredients,and warm and cold properties as the main ingredients,and most of them are harsh and fierce in nature,with special and powerful effects.The drug dosage form is mostly in the form of dispersant and smoke,and the method of entering the nose is mostly by blowing the nose and fumigating the nose,and the efficacy of the drug is mainly to open the orifices,clear phlegm,and open the heart.By systematically compiling the characteristics and clinical application of nasal therapy in ancient texts,we aim to provide reference for the development of this traditional Chinese medical practice,the development of Chinese clinical therapeutics,and the innovation of herbal drug delivery routes.

关 键 词：中医鼻疗 古籍挖掘 用药特点 适宜病症 

分 类 号：R276.1[医药卫生—中医五官科学]