考虑动态需求的城市货运公交线路规划模型研究  

Urban Freight Bus Route Planning Model Considering Dynamic Demand

作　　者：武慧荣[1] 王玉莹 盛椿婷 WU Huirong;WANG Yuying;SHENG Chunting(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,土木与交通学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2025年第2期214-226,共13页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金(E2017002,YQ2022E003)。

摘　　要：为缓解城市拥堵,减少货运配送成本,满足数量多、货件小、批次频和时效性高的城市货运配送需求,多地开通运营货运公交,如何合理布设货运公交配送线路对于城市货运配送降本增效有重要意义。本文考虑动态站点实时货运需求,将货运公交线路规划为静态线路规划和动态线路调整两个阶段。以车辆运输成本、固定成本和时间惩罚成本组成的总运营成本最小为目标建立考虑动态需求的两阶段货运公交线路规划模型,分别采用SSAPSO(Particle Swarm Optimization Sparrow Search Algorithm)和IGOIA(Improved Greedy Order Insertion Algorithm)求解两阶段模型,得到货运公交配送的静态和动态最优线路方案。以哈尔滨市为例进行验证。结果表明:与当前货运配送模式相比,货运公交静态和动态配送模式分别能够节省43.77%和45.81%的成本,并提高车辆利用率;保持站点总数不变,动态货运公交配送模式优于静态货运公交配送模式,动态度的取值对动态货运公交模式的运营效益产生一定影响。本文提出的考虑动态需求的货运公交线路规划模型能够提供合理的货运公交配送线路方案,为政府进行货运公交配送运营模式和实施方案提供理论参考,进一步促进城市货运配送优化。To alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce freight delivery costs while meeting the demands of urban freight delivery characterized by high volume,small package sizes,frequent batches,and strict timeliness,many cities have implemented freight bus services.The rational design of freight bus delivery routes is crucial for the cost reduction and efficiency improvement in urban freight transportation.This study considers real-time freight demand at dynamic stations and divides the planning of freight bus routes into two phases:static route planning and dynamic route adjustment.The study develops a two-phase freight bus route planning model that aims to minimize total operating costs,including vehicle transportation costs,fixed costs,and time penalty costs,while taking dynamic demand into account.The particle swarm optimization sparrow search algorithm(SSAPSO)and improved greedy order insertion algorithm(IGOIA)are used to solve the two-phase model,create optimal static and dynamic route plans for freight bus delivery.The case study was performed for Harbin city freight bus route planning.The results indicate that compared to the current freight delivery mode,the static and dynamic freight bus delivery modes can reduce the costs respectively by 43.77%and 45.81%,while improving vehicle utilization.Maintaining the same number of stops,the dynamic freight bus delivery mode outperforms the static mode;the value of dynamic ratio has a certain impact on the operational efficiency of the dynamic freight bus mode.The proposed method provides a reasonable routing scheme and serves as a theoretical reference for governments to develop operational modes and implementation strategies for freight bus services,further promoting the optimization of urban freight delivery.

关 键 词：城市交通 线路规划 SSAPSO 货运公交 动态需求 城市货运配送 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]