裂腹鱼类种质资源保护与利用研究进展  

Research progress on conservation and utilization of schizothoracine fishes(Osteichthyes:Cyprinidae)

作　　者：马宝珊[1] 吴怡迪 霍斌[2] 金佳利 王宏 贺湖客 李云峰[1] 梁宏伟[1] MA Baoshan;WU Yidi;HUO Bin;JIN Jiali;WANG Hong;HE Huke;LI Yunfeng;LIANG Hongwei(National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science,Wuhan 430223,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Livestock Technology Service Center of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Gannan 737000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,国家农业科学重庆观测实验站,湖北武汉430223 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]甘南藏族自治州畜牧技术服务中心,甘肃甘南737000

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第5期1-19,共19页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“黄河渔业资源与环境调查”;国家淡水水产种质资源库(FGRC18537);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023TD09,2023TD33)。

摘　　要：裂腹鱼类是分布于青藏高原及其周边地区的重要鲤科鱼类。由于过度捕捞、生物入侵和水利工程等已经严重威胁裂腹鱼类的生存,目前大部分裂腹鱼类处于极危、濒危、易危和近危的生存状态。为了保护裂腹鱼类的种质资源,经过数十年的科技攻关,部分裂腹鱼类已实现规模化繁育和商品化养殖利用。本文通过查阅相关资料,结合实地考察,总结和梳理了裂腹鱼类的生物学特征、资源保护现状、种质评价与遗传育种、繁殖和养殖技术及加工利用等方面的研究进展,重点对其种质遗传资源挖掘及人工养殖与技术开发进行深入探讨,并分析其存在的问题和发展前景,以期为我国裂腹鱼类的资源保护及山区渔业高质量发展提供参考。Schizothoracine fishes(Cyprinidae,Osteichthyes)are a group of cyprinid fishes distributed in and around the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.China is a concentrated distribution area of schizothoracine fishes,with a total of 11 genera and about 99 species and subspecies,mainly distributed in plateau rivers and lakes in Xizang,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Gansu,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Chongqing,Hubei and Hunan provinces.Schizothoracine fishes share the morphological trait that specialized scales(anal scales)distribute on each side of the anal and anal fin bases,which are characterized by slow growth,long life span,late sexual maturity,and low fertility.With the development of society and economy,human activities such as overfishing,biological invasion and hydroelectric development have seriously threatened the survival of schizothoracine fishes,and most schizothoracine fishes are in the status of critically endangered,endangered,vulnerable and near threatened at present.In order to protect and restore the natural populations of schizothoracine fishes,the establishment of aquatic germplasm resource reserves and artificial proliferation and release are the two primary measures adopted.The comprehensive ban on fishing for 5 to 10 years is another robust measure.Schizothoracine fishes are typical cold-water fishes with high water quality requirements,usually can only live in pollution-free cold water at high altitude areas,with high protein content,tender and delicious meat,easy processing,rich in amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids,minerals and vitamins.Schizothoracine fishes have become a new economic growth point in the local market and have broad consumption prospects.In the context of large-scale conservation and a total ban on fishing,the artificial farming of schizothoracine fishes can not only protect their natural resources,but also meet the expanding market demand and increase the income of local fishermen.After decades of scientific and technological research and breeding promotion,the large-scale breeding and commercial

关 键 词：裂腹鱼类 资源保护 遗传解析 养殖 疾病 开发利用 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]