嵊泗马鞍列岛邻近海域鱼类和甲壳类群落结构的季节变化  

Seasonal changes of community structure of fish and crustaceans in the adjacent waters of Shengsi Ma’an Islands

作　　者：张子硕 许永久 张秀梅 陈峰[2] 周永东[2] 徐开达[2] 张亚洲[2] 张洪亮[2] 李庆英 刘万金 俞佳 ZHANG Zishuo;XU Yongjiu;ZHANG Xiumei;CHEN Feng;ZHOU Yongdong;XU Kaida;ZHANG Yazhou;ZHANG Hongliang;LI Qingying;LIU Wanjin;YU Jia(School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第5期78-91,共14页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LY20C030004);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02047)。

摘　　要：【目的】嵊泗马鞍列岛附近海域自然条件复杂,是众多鱼类与甲壳类生物的产卵场、索饵场和洄游通道。为了研究环境因子、季节性休渔等因素对鱼类和甲壳类群落结构季节动态演替的影响。【方法】本研究根据2021年4个季度在浙江嵊泗马鞍列岛邻近海域的鱼类和甲壳类的调查数据,利用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)和非参数多因素方差分析(PERMANOVA)等方法研究两个类群的平均资源密度和平均个体大小的季节变化。利用RDA分析研究休渔、环境等因子与两个类群功能特征之间的关系。【结果】本次调查发现的物种共103种,其中鱼类53种、甲壳类50种,优势种包括龙头鱼、凤鲚、带鱼、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼共5种鱼类以及口虾蛄、三疣梭子蟹和日本蟳共3种甲壳类。鱼类和甲壳类(平均资源密度和平均个体大小)群落结构组成均具有极显著的季节差异,均不具有显著的区域差异。鱼类和甲壳类平均资源密度均大致呈现由春季增加至秋季高峰,后缓慢递减到冬季的趋势;平均个体大小则呈现春季最小,其他季节较大,尤其夏季最大的趋势。RDA分析结果表明,捕捞压力是显著影响鱼类与甲壳类平均资源密度和平均个体大小季节变化的主要因素(RDA第一轴),鱼类与甲壳类功能特征季节变化与休渔引起的捕捞压力及环境因子的关系密切。【结论】禁渔和环境因子对渔业生态系统功能特征(数量和个体大小)具有显著影响,需要进一步加强对功能特征长期变化研究。本研究结果可为海洋保护区的评价和渔业资源的可持续利用提供参考。The sea area near the Ma'an Islands in Shengsi has complex natural conditions and is a spawning ground,feeding ground,and migration channel for many fishes and crustaceans.In order to study the effects of environmental factors,seasonal fishing suspension and other factors on the seasonal dynamic succession of fish and crustacean community structure,based on the survey data of fish and crustacean swimmers in the adjacent waters of Shengsi Ma'an Islands in Zhejiang Province in four quarters of 2021,this study employed One-Way analysis of variance(ANOVA),similarity percentage analysis(SIMPER)and non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)to study the seasonal changes of the average resource density and average individual size of the two groups.RDA analysis was used to study the relationship between seasonal fishing bans and environmental changes and the two taxa and their dominant species.The results showed that a total of 103 species were caught,including 53 species of fish,50 species of crustaceans,5 species of dominant species(Harpadon nehereus,Coilia mystus,Trichiurus lepturus,Larimichthys polyactis and Collichthys lucidus),and 3 species of crustaceans(Oratosquilla oratoria,Portunustri tuberculatus,and Charybdis japonica).There were significant seasonal differences in the community structure composition of fish and crustaceans(average resource density and individual size),but there were no significant regional differences.The average density of fish and crustaceans increased from spring to autumn and then slowly decreased in winter,whereas the average individual size was the smallest in spring and larger in other seasons,especially in summer.The results of the RDA analysis showed that fishing pressure was the main factor that significantly affected the seasonal variation of average resource density and average individual size of fish and crustaceans(RDA1),and the seasonal variation in the functional characteristics of fish and crustaceans was closely related to fishing pressure and environmental

关 键 词：群落结构 季节变化 禁渔 环境因子 嵊泗海域 马鞍列岛 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]