基于Ecopath模型的增殖放流对南朗水域生态系统的影响  

Effect of stock enhancement using Ecopath model on the ecosystem of Nanlang waters

作　　者：冯瑞玉 陶峰[1,3] 郭禹 秦传新[1,3] 孙金辉 吴一桂[4] 王静 FENG Ruiyu;TAO Feng;GUO Yu;QIN Chuanxin;SUN Jinhui;WU Yigui;WANG Jing(Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,College of Fisheries,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Deep-sea Fishery Resources,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,China;Fangchenggang Fisheries Technology Extension Station,Fangchenggang 538001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋牧场重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]天津农学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [3]三亚热带水产研究院,海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚572018 [4]防城港渔业技术推广站,广西防城港538001

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第5期92-106,共15页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项(2018YFD0900905);国家自然科学基金(32160863);海南省自然科学基金创新团队(321CX TD446);防城港市重点研发计划(防科AB21014021);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020SY01)。

摘　　要：【目的】珠江口渔场是我国四大著名渔业水域之一,也是受人类活动干扰最大的水域之一,为了分析增殖放流对河口水域生态系统及生态容纳量的影响。【方法】本研究基于历史和近年调查的渔业资源和生态环境数据,应用EWE 6.5软件,构建了2005年、2016—2020年南朗水域生态通道模型,对该水域生态系统能量流动、总体特征和各食物网结构的变化进行了系统研究。【结果】2005年、2016—2020年南朗水域的营养结构基本一致,能量流动主要聚集在营养级Ⅰ~Ⅳ,初级生产者的能量利用率较高,总能流转换效率较低,水域生态系统处于发育阶段,牧食食物链和腐食食物链是系统中两条主要的食物链通道,与2005年相比,2016—2020年渔业资源生物量、营养级、系统能量转换效率均有增加,系统总初级生产量/呼吸量比值(TPP/TR)逐渐接近1,系统连接指数(CI)和杂食指数(SOI)略有提高,生态系统趋于成熟,生态系统整体规模扩大,与此同时,2020年日本花鲈和黄鳍棘鲷的生态容纳量分别是2005年的5倍和94倍。【结论】增殖放流不仅有利于改善水域生态系统的稳定性、复杂性和成熟性,而且有助于提高水域的生态容纳量,相关结果可为下一步增殖放流生态容纳量的动态管控策略制定提供科学参考。The Pearl River estuary fishery is one of China's four renowned fishery waters and is also among the most humanimpacted aquatic regions.To assess the effects of stock enhancement on the ecosystem and ecological capacity of estuarine waters,this study utilized historical and contemporary survey data on fishery resources and ecological envrionment.A 6-year material balance model of the Nanlang waters was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim(ewe)6.5 software to systematically analyze changes in ecosystem energy flow,general characteristics,and food web structure.The results indicated that in 2005 and 2016–2020,energy flow in Nanlang waters was primarily concentrated in trophic levelsⅠ–Ⅳ,with a consistent nutritional structure.The grazing food chain and detritus food chains were the dominant energy pathways,characterized by high energy utilization rates among primary producers but low overall energy flow conversion efficiency.The ecosystem was in a development stage.Compared to 2005,fishery resources biomass,trophic levels,and system energy conversion efficiency increased from 2016 to 2020.The total primary production to respiration ratio(TPP/TR)of the system gradually approached 1,while the system connectivity index(CI)and system omnivory index(SOI)slightly rose,indicating a maturing ecosystem with an expanding overall scale.Additionally,the ecological capacity of Lateolabrax japonicus and Acanthopagrus latus increased by 5 and 94 times,respectively,in 2020 compared to 2005.In conclusion,stock enhancement not only enhances the stability,complexity,and maturity of the estuarine ecosystem but also significantly improves its ecological capacity.

关 键 词：ECOPATH模型 增殖放流 生态系统 营养结构 生态容纳量 南朗水域 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]