越冬期鳜生长、消化代谢、抗氧化及免疫能力的动态变化  

Dynamic changes of growth,digestion,metabolism,antioxidant and immune ability of Siniperca chuatsi during overwintering period

作　　者：于俊琦 卢桦 陈琪琪 王文洁 陈雨霜 周达 李勇 罗浩 翟旭亮 薛洋 罗金强 陈拥军[1] 赵敏 罗莉[1] YU Junqi;LU Hua;CHEN Qiqi;WANG Wenjie;CHEN Yushuang;ZHOU Da;LI Yong;LUO Hao;ZHAI Xuliang;XUE Yang;LUO Jinqiang;CHEN Yongjun;ZHAO Min;LUO Li(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Resources and Reproductive Development,Ministry of Education,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(Chongqing)Science City,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;New Hope Liuhe Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610023,China;Chongqing Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Chongqing 400700,China;Tongnan District of Chongqing Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center,Chongqing 402660,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,西部(重庆)科学城种质创制大科学中心,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]新希望六和股份有限公司,四川成都610023 [3]重庆市水产技术推广总站,重庆400700 [4]重庆市潼南区农业科技推广中心,重庆402660

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第5期107-117,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：新希望六和股份有限公司项目;重庆市生态渔产业技术体系项目;重庆市水产科技创新联盟项目(CQFTIU2022-04);重庆市潼南区区级科研项目(TK-2024-47)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究越冬期鳜生长、消化代谢、抗氧化和免疫能力的生理动态变化。【方法】选取体重为(107.63±0.48)g的鳜240尾,分为生长组和取样组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,2天1次表观饱食投喂饲料养殖112 d。其间水温经历了由14.5°C到7.5°C的降温期(0~6周)和由7.5°C到14.5°C的升温期(6~16周),设置0、2、4、6、8、12和16周共7个取样时间点。【结果】鳜增重率、特定生长率和摄食率逐渐下降,在6周降至最低后逐渐上升,其中增重率和摄食率16周较6周分别提高983.20%和265.22%,饲料系数6周显著上升后下降。肥满度、脏体比、肝体比均在6周显著下降后上升。胃质子泵(H^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶)、肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性在6周显著下降后上升。肝脏总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性在6周显著下降,丙二醛含量显著增加。血浆酸性磷酸酶活性、免疫球蛋白M含量,脾脏免疫球蛋白M含量显著下降后上升。肝脏结构在8周时开始出现部分细胞核偏移和空泡变性,16周时鳜肝细胞形态不规则,细胞间界限模糊,空泡增多,细胞核消失甚至溶解。肠道结构在8周较0周时肠绒毛稀疏且不规则,16周肠道绒毛发育情况优于0周和8周。【结论】越冬前期鳜消化、抗氧化及免疫能力减弱,越冬后期鱼体重增加明显,而肝脏结构功能受损较严重。本研究可为越冬期鳜投喂养殖管理提供理论依据,促进鳜养殖产业高质量发展。In order to investigate the physiological dynamic changes in growth,digestion,metabolism,antioxidant,and immune ability of Siniperca chuatsi during the overwintering period,240 S.chuatsi with a body weight of(107.63±0.48)g were selected and divided into growth and sampling groups with four replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate.Feed once every two days for 112 days.During this period,the water temperature experienced a cooling period of 14.5–7.5°C(0–6 weeks)and a warming period of 7.5–14.5°C(6–16 weeks).Seven sampling points were set at 0(0-week),2 weeks(2-week),4 weeks(4-week),6 weeks(6-week),8 weeks(8-week),12 weeks(12-week),and 16 weeks(16-week).The results showed that the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and feeding rate(FR)decreased gradually and then increased gradually after reaching their lowest values at 6-week.The feed coefficient increased significantly at 6-week and then decreased.The activity of the gastric proton pump(H^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase),intestinal trypsin,and amylase increased after a decrease of 6-week.The liver total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly at 6-week,while malondialdehyde content increased significantly.The plasma acid phosphatase activity,immunoglobulin content,and spleen immunoglobulin content decreased significantly and then increased.At 8-week,the liver structure begins to show partial nuclear migration to the periphery of hepatocytes and vacuolar degeneration.At 16-week,the S.chuatsi liver cells had an irregular morphology and disappeared or even dissolved nuclei.The intestinal villi at 8-week were lower,sparser,and irregular than those at 0-week,and the development of intestinal villi at 16-week was better than that at 0-week and 8-week.In conclusion,the digestive,antioxidant,and immune abilities of S.siniperca in the early overwintering period were weakened,the body weight of S.siniperca in the late overwintering period was significantly increased,and liver structure and function were seriously damaged.

关 键 词：鳜 低水温 越冬期 抗氧化 免疫能力 消化代谢 生理变化 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]