ICP-MS法测定血中铅的优化与应用  

Determination of lead in blood samples by ICP-MS using an optimized pre-treatment

作　　者：刘峰[1] 薛超 彭杰 赵伟 章新奇 吴柳益 陈东洋[2] LIU Feng;XUE Chao;PENG Jie;ZHAO Wei;ZHANG Xin-qi;WU Liu-yi;CHEN Dong-yang(Yiyang Disease Prevention and Control Center,Yiyang 413000,China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Hunan Academy of Preventive Medicine),Changsha 410153,China)

机构地区：[1]益阳市疾病预防控制中心,湖南省益阳413000 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心(湖南省预防医学科学院),湖南省长沙410153

出　　处：《化学研究与应用》2025年第4期915-920,共6页Chemical Research and Application

基　　金：2023年度益阳市科协学会服务能力提升计划项目(益科协[2023]号25号)资助;湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ70085)资助;湖南省卫生健康委科研项目(B20160073,C20190035,D202312069311)资助。

摘　　要：样品前处理方法是电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定血中铅的重要影响因素。通过优化样品前处理方法,及选择合适的内标元素,建立高效、灵敏的ICP-MS法测定血中铅含量。方法以铋为内标,用3.0%硝酸溶液稀释血液样本,离心后取上清液直接测定。结果表明,铅在1.0μg·L^(-1)~50μg·L^(-1)质量浓度内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.9999,方法检出限为0.26μg·L^(-1),定量限为0.65μg·L^(-1),回收率为99.6%~107.6%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.5%,采用此方法对血液样本进行测定,检测结果在12.67~28.83μg·L^(-1)之间,反映出低暴露人群血铅本底不高,其中儿童血液样品与部分发达国家正常儿童血铅水平相近。优化后的前处理方法可以充分破坏血样中的红细胞,使样本中铅游离出来,通过离心,有效避免蠕动管和雾化器的堵塞。方法灵敏、便捷、准确度好,适合基层检验机构对血中铅含量的检测。Sample pretreatment is an important step for the determination of lead content in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).An efficient and sensitive ICP-MS method for the detecting lead content in blood was established by optimizing the sample pretreatment method and selecting the appropriate internal standard element.Bismuth was used as the internal standard element,the blood samples were diluted with 3.0%nitric acid solution,and the supernatant was obtained after centrifugation and detected directly.The results show that a good linear relationship is obtained in the mass concentration range of 1.0~50μg·L^(-1),and the correlation coefficient(r)is 0.9999.The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.26μg·L^(-1)and 0.65μg·L^(-1)respectively.The recoveries are 99.6%~107.6%and the relative standard deviations are 2.1%~3.5%.Blood samples are measured with this method,and the detection results ranged from 12.67 to 28.83μg·L^(-1),reflecting that the blood lead background of low-exposure people is not high.The level of lead in children's blood samples is comparable to that of normal children in some developed countries.The red blood cells can be fully destroyed with the optimized sample pretreatment and consequently free the lead element in the sample.Through centrifugal treatment,the blockage of peristaltic tube and atomizer can be effectively avoided.The method is sensitive,convenient and accurate,and is suitable for the rapid and accurate detection of blood lead content by basic testing institutions.

关 键 词：血液样本 铅 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 稀释剂 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学]