PI气凝胶/芳纶复合材料的制备及阻燃隔热性能  

Preparation and flame retardant and thermal insulation properties of PI aerogel/aramid composites

作　　者：廖喜林[1,2,3] 丁娜 刘淑萍 王慧萍[1] 刘让同 LIAO Xilin;DING Na;LIU Shuping;WANG Huiping;LIU Rangtong(College of Fashion Technology,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Equipment,Zhengzhou 451191,China;Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant,Heat Insulating and Fire Resistant Functional Clothing and Materials,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院智能服饰与服装学院,郑州451191 [2]先进纺织装备技术省部共建协同创新中心,郑州451191 [3]郑州市阻燃隔热耐火功能性服装及材料重点实验室,郑州451191

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第4期1-7,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309000);河南省科技攻关项目(242102320262);中原工学院自然基金项目(K2025YB015)。

摘　　要：聚酰亚胺(PI)是一类主链含酰亚胺基团的大分子聚合物,具有高力学性能、低导热性和良好的加工性能,被广泛用作微电子、个人热管理和航空航天等领域的隔热材料。为拓展PI气凝胶材料在热防护服领域的应用,选用3,3,4,4-联苯四甲酸二酐和4,4-二氨基二苯醚为单体合成了聚酰胺酸,再用三乙胺和丙酮进行后处理得到聚酰胺酸盐(PAAs),并以芳纶毡为增强纤维,采用冷冻干燥与热亚胺化相结合的方法制备了不同PAAs固含量的PI气凝胶/芳纶复合材料。通过调控PAAs的固含量,研究了其对复合材料形貌、分子结构、阻燃性能、隔热性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着PAAs固含量的增加,复合材料内部形成了更为致密的三维网络结构,有效锁定了纤维间的空气层,从而显著提升了隔热性能。其中,PAAs固含量为2.0 g的PI气凝胶/芳纶复合材料在氮气气氛下800℃时的残炭率达到44.8%,极限氧指数为31.6%,垂直燃烧测试中炭化长度仅为1.0 cm,展现出良好的阻燃特性;同时,该样品可有效隔绝232.6℃的高温,总热释放量低至8.5 kJ/g,表明其具有出色的热防护性能。Polyimide(PI)is a class of macromolecular polymers containing imide groups in their main chain,characterized by high mechanical properties,low thermal conductivity,and excellent processing performance.It is widely used as thermal insulation material in fields such as microelectronics,personal thermal management,and aerospace.To expand the application of PI aerogel materials in the field of thermal protective clothing,3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxydianiline were used as monomers to synthesize polyamide acid,polyamic acid salts(PAAs)were obtained by post-treatment with triethylamine and acetone.The PI aerogel/aramid composites with different PAAs solid contents were prepared using a combination of freeze-drying and thermal imidization methods with aramid felt serving as the reinforcing fiber.By adjusting the solid content of PAAs,a systematic investigation was conducted to study its impact on the morphology,molecular structure,flame retardancy,thermal insulation properties,and thermal stability of the composite materials.The results indicate that as the solid content of PAAs increases,a more compact three-dimensional network structure forms within the composite material,effectively trapping air layers between the fibers,thereby significantly enhancing the thermal insulation performance.Among them,the carbon residue rate of PI aerogel/aramid composite with 2.0 g PAAs solid content reached 44.8%at 800℃in nitrogen atmosphere,with the limit oxygen index of 31.6%.In the vertical burning test,the char length was only 1.0 cm,demonstrating excellent flame-retardant properties.Additionally,this sample effectively insulated against high temperatures up to 232.6℃,with a total heat release as low as 8.5 kJ/g,indicating outstanding thermal protective performance.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺气凝胶 芳纶纤维 阻燃性能 隔热性能 复合材料 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]