聚酰亚胺改性三聚氰胺泡沫的制备及性能  

Preparation and properties of polyimide modified melamine foam

作　　者：何利华 李慧霞[1] 刘志凌[1] 蒋凡顺[1] 张建勋[1] HE Lihua;LI Huixia;LIU Zhiling;JIANG Fanshun;ZHANG Jianxun(Henan Zhongyuan Dahua Group Co.,Ltd.,Puyang 457004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省中原大化集团有限责任公司,河南濮阳457004

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第4期8-14,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

摘　　要：为提高三聚氰胺泡沫的热稳定性及力学强度,介绍了三聚氰胺树脂与水溶性聚酰亚胺(PI)共混改性方法,研究了PI增韧三聚氰胺树脂预聚体的合成配方和发泡工艺,同时也探讨了PI的添加方式及添加量对三聚氰胺泡沫性能的影响。采用万能电子试验机、极限氧指数仪、扫描电子显微镜、导热系数仪等对改性前后三聚氰胺泡沫的力学性能、阻燃性、微观形貌、耐热性进行了测试和分析。结果表明,通过添加水溶性PI,在泡沫内部引入含两个与氮键合的酰基基团,并形成网络互穿结构,其热稳定性、表观密度、极限氧指数、烟密度、隔热性能均有显著提高。为了改善PI改性三聚氰胺泡沫的总体性能,进一步研究发现,PI添加量为三聚氰胺树脂预聚体总质量的5%时,泡沫失重速率最高温度峰值由369.69℃提高到383.66℃、拉伸强度提高了11.17%、撕裂强度提高了21.82%、断裂伸长率提高了12.51%,改性泡沫的各项性能最佳。To improve the thermal stability and mechanical strength of melamine foam,a blending modification method of melamine resin with water-soluble polyimide(PI)was introduced,exploring the synthesis formulation and foaming process of polyimide toughened melamine resin prepolymer,while also discussing the effects of the addition method and amount of polyimide on the performance of melamine foam.The mechanical properties,flame retardancy,micro-morphology,and heat resistance of the melamine foam before and after modification were tested and analyzed using a universal electronic testing machine,oxygen index instrument,scanning electron microscope,and thermal conductivity meter.The results show that by adding water-soluble PI,acyl groups bonded with two nitrogen atoms are introduced into the foam,forming an interpenetrating network structure,significantly improving its thermal stability,apparent density,limiting oxygen index,smoke density,and thermal insulation performance.To enhance the overall performance of polyimide modified melamine foam,further research find that when the addition amount of polyimide is 5%of the total amount of melamine resin prepolymer,the peak temperature of the foam's weight loss rate increases from 369.69℃to 383.66℃,tensile strength increases by 11.17%,tear strength increases by 21.82%,and elongation at break increases by 12.51%,achieving optimal performance for the foam.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺 三聚氰胺树脂预聚体 聚酰亚胺改性三聚氰胺泡沫 微波发泡工艺 共混改性 

分 类 号：TB3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]