煤矸石的表面改性及对复合材料性能的影响  

Surface modification of coal gangue and its influence on properties of composite materials

作　　者：刘晓阳 马扶宸 樊东焱 杜涛 钱大益 宋剑斌 LIU Xiaoyang;MA Fuchen;FAN Dongyan;DU Tao;QIAN Dayi;SONG Jianbin(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China;Key Laboratory of Clean Conversion and High Value Utilization of Biomass Resources in Xinjiang,Yining 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学化学化工学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区生物质资源清洁转化与高值利用重点实验室,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第4期15-20,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：伊犁师范大学提升学科综合实力专项项目(22XKZZ15);伊犁师范大学科研创新团队培育计划(CXZK2021002);新疆科技厅重点研发项目(2023B01014)。

摘　　要：煤矸石作为煤炭资源开发的副产物,会带来环境污染和大量资源的浪费。为探索煤矸石的高值化利用,选用新疆伊犁地区所产煤矸石作为研究对象,使用钛酸酯偶联剂(NDZ-201)改性煤矸石,采用模压法与环氧树脂共混制备复合材料,借助万能力学试验机、电子简支梁冲击试验机、接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和导热系数测定仪等研究煤矸石表面改性对复合材料力学性能、吸水率、接触角、微观形貌和导热系数的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,使用占煤矸石质量分数0.5%的NDZ-201改性时,复合材料的各项力学性能达到最大,其弯曲模量、弯曲强度、冲击强度和压缩强度比未改性煤矸石/环氧树脂复合材料分别提升了91.52%,66.13%,38.82%和50.7%;吸水率分析表明,复合材料的吸水率在NDZ-201质量分数为0.5%时最小(0.3431%),比未改性复合材料降低了41.57%,同时接触角达到最大(101.6°);SEM观察发现,改性后复合材料的孔洞减少,证实NDZ-201能促进相界面相融,使环氧树脂与煤矸石两相均质化;导热系数分析表明,复合材料的导热系数在NDZ-201质量分数为0.5%时达到最大[0.48897 W/(m·K)],比未改性煤矸石/环氧树脂复合材料提升了67.16%。As a byproduct of coal resource exploitation,coal gangue poses significant environmental pollution risks and resource waste.To explore its high-value utilization,coal gangue from Xinjiang Yili region was selected as the research subject,the coal gangue was modified using titanate coupling agent(NDZ-201),and composites were prepared via compression molding with epoxy resin.The effects of surface modification on the mechanical properties,water absorption,contact angle,microstructure,and thermal conductivity of the composites were systematically investigated using a universal testing machine,electronic charpy impact tester,contact angle analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and thermal conductivity meter.Mechanical performance analysis reveals that the mechanical properties of the composites reach the maximum when modified with NDZ-201 accounting for 0.5 wt%of coal gangue,its flexural modulus,flexural strength,impact strength and compressive strength are increased by 91.52%,66.13%,38.82%and 50.7%,respectively,compared with unmodified coal gangue/epoxy resin composites.Water absorption analysis demonstrates that the composite with 0.5wt%NDZ-201 achieves the lowest water absorption(0.3431%),representing a 41.57%reduction relative to the unmodified sample,while simultaneously attaining the maximum contact angle(101.6°).SEM observations confirmed reduced porosity in modified composites,indicating that NDZ-201 enhances interfacial compatibility and homogenizes the epoxy resin-coal gangue phases.Furthermore,thermal conductivity analysis shows that the composite with 0.5 wt%NDZ-201 achieves the highest thermal conductivity[0.48897 W/(m·K)],reflecting a 67.16%improvement over the unmodified counterpart.

关 键 词：钛酸酯偶联剂 煤矸石 环氧树脂 力学性能 导热系数 

分 类 号：TQ322[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]