树脂玻璃化转变辅助机械分层回收碳纤维层压板  

Resin glass transition assisted mechanical delamination recovery of carbon fiber laminates

作　　者：徐婉婷 邢明飞[1] 李展 崔鹏煜 付硕飞 董丽丽 XU Wanting;XING Mingfei;LI Zhan;CUI Pengyu;FU Shuofei;DONG Lili(Institute of Resource and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Henan Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Testing Center,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454000 [2]河南省焦作生态环境检测中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第4期29-36,共8页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52370135);河南省科技攻关项目(242102320079,242300421649)。

摘　　要：在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)中,脆硬玻璃态基体树脂导致碳纤维层压板难以被裁切成形状均一的薄片或细丝。为解决该问题,利用树脂玻璃化转变原理辅助机械弯折工艺实现CFRP的分层解离回收。将碳纤维层压板在250~350℃空气气氛下加热5~15 min,CFRP中所含的脆硬玻璃态环氧树脂快速转变为柔软的高弹态。树脂的玻璃化转变不仅使坚硬的CFRP变得柔软可弯曲,同时使高弹态树脂的剪切强度显著下降,仅为原始玻璃态树脂的0.5%~6.61%。利用弯折机使软化的CFRP发生剧烈弯曲变形,在CFRP弯曲变形过程中,碳纤维层间的高弹态树脂容易被撕裂,导致碳纤维层压板解离为单层碳纤维片。当树脂重新冷却至室温后,其剪切强度可恢复到原始树脂的64.02%~97.02%。玻璃化转变过程温和,不会对碳纤维丝束的力学性能产生明显影响。碳纤维丝束的拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量分别为原始碳纤维丝束的97.81%~99.10%和93.10%~98.58%。所得单层碳纤维片材可以被切割成尺寸均一的薄片或细丝,然后通过热压法重新制备成新的CFRP板。新制备CFRP板的弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别为原始CFRP的59.00%~82.86%和54.58%~87.91%。In carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites(CFRP),the brittle and hard polymer matrix makes it difficult to cut the CFRP laminate into thin,regular pieces or filaments.In response to this problem,the resin glass transition principle was used to assist the mechanical bending process to achieve the dissociative recycling of CFRP laminate.The CFRP laminate was heated in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 250-350℃for 5-15 min.The brittle,hard glassy epoxy resin contained in CFRP rapidly transforms into a soft,highly elastic state.The glass transition of the resin not only makes the hard CFRP soft and bendable,but it also causes the shear strength of the high-elasticity state resin to decrease significantly,dropping to only 0.50%-6.61%of the original glassy state resin.The softened CFRP laminate was bent and deformed violently using a bending machine.During the bending deformation of CFRP,the highly elastic resin between the carbon fiber layers was easily torn,causing the carbon fiber laminate to dissociate into single-layer carbon fiber sheets.When the resin was cooled to room temperature,the resin shear strength could be restored to 64.02%-97.02%of the original resin.The glass transition process was mild,it would not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber.The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the carbon fiber were 97.81%-99.10%and 93.10%-98.58%of those of the original carbon fiber,respectively.The obtained single-layer carbon fiber sheet could be cut into thin sheets or filaments of uniform size and then re-prepared into new CFRP board by hot pressing.The newly prepared CFRP board's bending strength and tensile strength were 59.00%-82.86%and 54.58%-87.91%of the original CFRP,respectively.

关 键 词：碳纤维复合材料 环氧树脂 玻璃化转变 机械分层 热压法 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]