纳米蒙脱土与新型膨胀型阻燃体系协同阻燃聚丙烯  

Montmorillonite and new intumescent flame retardant system synergistic flame retardant polypropylene

作　　者：吕子璇 王云飞 王福海 沈春晖[1] 高山俊[1] LYU Zixuan;WANG Yunfei;WANG Fuhai;SHEN Chunhui;GAO Shanjun(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第4期152-160,共9页Engineering Plastics Application

摘　　要：为探究纳米蒙脱土(MMT)与膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)复配对聚丙烯(PP)阻燃性能的协同作用,以超支化三嗪成炭剂(PCAT)与焦磷酸哌嗪(PAPP)为IFR,复配MMT制备阻燃PP,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、UL 94垂直燃烧测试、锥形量热(CCT)测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及力学性能测试评估其性能。结果表明,在改性PP中使用质量分数1%的MMT替代IFR可产生较好的协同阻燃效果,改性PP的LOI值从PP/IFR的30.2%提高到了33.4%,达到了UL 94 V-0等级;在CCT测试中,改性PP的热释放速率峰值从197.4 kW/m^(2)降低到了114.9 kW/m^(2),阻燃指数为“excellent”。添加MMT的阻燃PP在800℃的残炭率保持在9%以上。SEM显示MMT促进了致密膨胀炭层的形成,增强了热氧阻隔,这是因为MMT通过催化生成硅铝磷酸盐及使炭层致密化,提升PP/IFR体系的阻燃效率,但过量MMT的团聚效应对抑烟和阻燃有着负面影响。此外,由力学性能测试结果可知,少量MMT的加入会导致拉伸和弯曲性能小幅下降,MMT的用量过多反而使改性材料的弯曲性能呈现上升趋势。为获得综合性能良好的改性PP,需考虑MMT的分散性及配比,以平衡阻燃与力学性能。To investigate the synergistic effect of nano-montmorillonite(MMT)compounded with intumescent flame retardant(IFR)on the flame retardant properties of polypropylene(PP),hyperbranched triazine charring agent(PCAT)and pyrophosphate piperazine(PAPP)were used as IFR to prepare flame retardant PP by compounding MMT.The properties of flame retardant PP were evaluated by limiting oxygen index(LOI),UL 94 vertical combustion test,cone calorimetry(CCT)test,scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties test.The results show that the use of MMT with 1 wt%instead of IFR in the modified PP can produce a better synergistic flame retardant effect,the LOI value of the modified PP increases from 30.2%of PP/IFR to 33.4%,reaching UL 94 V-0 grade,in the CCT test,the peak heat release rate of the modified PP decreases from 197.4 kW/m^(2) to 114.9 kW/m^(2),and the flame retardant index is“excellent”.The char yield of flame retardant PP with MMT remains above 9%at 800℃.SEM shows that MMT promotes the formation of dense expanded carbon layer and enhances the thermal oxygen barrier.This is because MMT improves the flame retardant efficiency of PP/IFR system by catalyzing the formation of silicon aluminum phosphate and the densification of carbon layer,but the agglomeration effect of excessive MMT has a negative impact on smoke suppression and flame retardant properties.In addition,it can be seen from the mechanical properties test results that the addition of a small amount of MMT will lead to a slight decrease in tensile and bending properties,and increasing the amount of MMT will increase the bending properties of the modified materials.In order to obtain modified PP with good comprehensive performance,it is necessary to consider the dispersion and ratio of MMT to balance flame retardancy and mechanical properties.Optimal performance requires balancing MMT dispersion and dosage to synergize flame retardancy and mechanical integrity.

关 键 词：聚丙烯 纳米蒙脱土 协同阻燃 膨胀型阻燃剂 炭层 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]