改进Canny算子在零件尺寸测量中的应用  

Application of Improved Canny Operator in Size Measurement of Parts

作　　者：张晓阳 何军红[1] 牛云[1] 张御 ZHANG Xiaoyang;HE Junhong;NIU Yun;ZHANG Yu(School of Marine Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航海学院,西安710072

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2025年第4期625-631,共7页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

摘　　要：零件尺寸视觉测量目前多采用像素级的边缘检测算法,不能满足高精度的测量需求。为提高零件尺寸测量精度,提出一种基于改进Canny算子的亚像素级零件尺寸测量方法。首先采用自适应中值-高斯滤波对零件图像进行滤波处理,在保留较多边缘信息的同时有效去除噪声;然后对图像进行梯度计算并通过二次插值寻找边缘点;其次通过编写的链接算法对边缘点进行链接并进行双阈值处理,提取到图像亚像素边缘轮廓;最后获取轮廓的最小外接矩形并得到零件尺寸。实验表明,该方法有效解决了零件轮廓的精确定位问题,测量误差在1个像素尺寸以内,在保证测量精度和测量效率的同时具有较高的稳定性。At present,pixel level edge detection algorithm is often used in visual measurement of parts size,which cannot meet the high precision measurement requirements.To improve the precision of part size measurement,a subpixel level part size measurement method with the help of the improved Canny operator was proposed.Firstly,adaptive median⁃Gaussian filtering is used to filter the image of parts,which can effectively remove noise while preserving more edge information.Then the gradient of the image is calculated and the edge points are found by using the quadratic interpolation.Secondly,the link algorithm is used to link the edge points and perform double threshold processing to extract the image subpixel edge contour.Finally,the minimum external rectangle of the contour is obtained and the part size is obtained.Experimental results show that the present method can effectively solve the accurate positioning of the contour of parts,and the measurement error is below 1 pixel.It has high stability while ensuring the measurement accuracy and efficiency.

关 键 词：视觉测量 CANNY 亚像素边缘检测 二次插值 最小外接矩形 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]