从“第三种妇女”到“第三条道路”——1930年代丹麦的“母职”辩论和“母职”政治  

From the“Third Type ofWomen”to the“Third Path”The“Motherhood”Debate and“Motherhood”Politics in Denmark in the 1930s

作　　者：汪琦 WANG Qi(Department of Design and Communication,University of Southern Denmark,Sønderborg Denmark,6400)

机构地区：[1]南丹麦大学设计与交流系,丹麦桑德堡6400

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期33-39,共7页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：1930年代的丹麦在社会转型、经济萧条和人口下降的背景下展开了一场关于“母职”的社会大讨论,各派力量就妇女是应该就业还是应该回家的问题进行了激烈的辩论。之后丹麦进入了福利国家的初建阶段,并在“母职”问题上走出了一条以国家职责为主线的“第三条道路”。一方面是国家通过福利措施改善妇女和家庭的生活条件,一方面是国家通过信息和咨询帮助妇女学习和实行家政调理科学化、合理化和现代化,提升妇女和家庭的生活质量。正是在这个意义上,福利国家将“母职”从个体家庭的私人领域中剥离出来,将其纳入公共领域,换算成一个国家怎样对家庭和生育尽责的政治问题。这是“第三条道路”的精髓,也是福利国家为什么享有“妇女友好”之誉的关键所在。In the 1930s,against the backdrop of social transformation,economic depression,and population decline,Denmark launched a major social discussion on“motherhood”,with various factions fiercely debating whether women should work or return home.Afterwards,Denmark entered the initial stage of building a welfare state and embarked on a“third path”centered on state responsibility in the issue of“motherhood”.On the one hand,the state improves the living conditions of women and families through welfare measures,and on the other hand,the state helps women learn and implement scientific,rational,and modern household management through information and consultation,enhancing the quality of life for women and families.It is in this sense that the welfare state separates the“motherhood”from the private domain of individual families and incorporates it into the public domain,converting it into a political issue of how a country is responsible for its family and childbirth.This is the essence of the“Third Way”and the key to why welfare states are known as“women friendly”.

关 键 词：母职 丹麦 福利国家 母职政治 第三种妇女 第三条道路 

分 类 号：D441.9[政治法律—政治学]