竞争行为正当性认定中比例原则的限缩适用  

Restricting the Application of the Principle of Proportionality in Determining the Justification of Competitive Behavior

作　　者：张煜琦 ZHANG Yuqi(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2025年第2期28-39,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“平台反垄断理论问题研究”(21BFX115)。

摘　　要：面对竞争行为正当性认定规则供给滞后的现实困境,不少学者建议在反不正当竞争法的司法适用中引入比例原则,以判断竞争行为是否具有正当性。然而,比例原则的整体性适用存在较大的“假阳性”风险,可能会误导司法裁判,导致“泛干预主义”。进一步分析可以发现,比例原则不适用于“权利—权利”场景,其子原则与竞争评估之间也存在内生性矛盾,整体性适用比例原则明显抵触《反不正当竞争法》的行为规制范式。均衡性原则作为比例原则效率性的核心体现,适合竞争行为的正当性认定,且已经具备充分的实践基础。限缩比例原则适用的具体方式是,将均衡性原则作为竞争行为正当性认定的核心准则,并结合“识别+分析”路径在个案中展开。In response to the ongoing challenge of establishing clear legal criteria for determining the legitimacy of competitive behavior,some scholars have advocated for incorporating the principle of proportionality into the judicial application of the Law of the People’s Republic of China Against Unfair Competition.However,the broad application of the proportionality principle carries a significant risk of“false positives,”potentially distorting judicial reasoning and leading to“excessive interventionism.”A closer examination reveals that proportionality is ill-suited to adjudicating“rights-versus-rights”conflicts,and its sub-principles are inherently at odds with competition law assessments.Moreover,the wholesale application of proportionality contradicts the behavioral regulatory framework of the Law of the People’s Republic of China Against Unfair Competition.The principle of balance,as the efficiency-based core of proportionality,provides a more appropriate framework for assessing the legitimacy of competitive conduct and has already been well established in practice.Therefore,the application of proportionality should be restricted,placing the principle of balance at the center of legitimacy assessments and integrating it into case adjudication through a structured two-step approach of“identification+analysis.”

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 正当性认定 比例原则 均衡性原则 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]