玩忽职守罪中“职责义务”的构造与识别  

The Construction and Identification of“Duty Obligations”in the Crime of Dereliction of Duty

作　　者：贾健[1] 荣冲 JIA Jian;RONG Chong(Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2025年第2期117-128,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“竞合理论的体系构建与适用问题研究”(20BFX116)。

摘　　要：职责义务是认定玩忽职守罪的关键。在司法实践中,对职责义务的识别存在具体内涵不清、责任中心不明、归责过程混乱等问题。职责义务的识别应当充分考虑人权保障和法益保护的价值基础,并在此基础上从明确性原则的形式侧面和事务相关性的实质侧面分析职责义务的基本构造。玩忽职守罪中职责义务的识别,既不能单纯依赖职务身份的形式标签,也不能仅以损害后果作出被动回应,而应立足职责义务的基本构造,通过明确职责标准、履职要求、效力层级、冲突解决规则的方式,避免抽象推定和主观裁量,同时细化对核心事务、流程性事务和延伸事务的责任划分。Duty obligations are fundamental to establishing the crime of dereliction of duty.In judicial practice,however,challenges exist due to unclear definitions,ambiguous centers of responsibility,and disordered attribution processes.The identification of duty obligations must be grounded in the foundational values of human rights protection and the safeguarding of legal interests.Therefore,it is essential to analyze the fundamental structure of duty obligations from both the formal perspective of the principle of clarity and the substantive perspective of matter-relatedness.In the context of dereliction of duty,the identification of duty obligations should not merely depend on the formal label of professional identity,nor should it react passively to harmful consequences post-incident.Instead,a systematic approach is required,grounded in the essential structure of duty obligations.This approach includes clarifying duty standards,performance expectations,hierarchical effectiveness,and rules for conflict resolution,thereby avoiding abstract presumptions and subjective discretion.Additionally,it necessitates a detailed division of responsibilities across core functions,procedural tasks,and extended obligations.

关 键 词：玩忽职守罪 职责义务 明确性原则 事务相关性 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]