军事噪声暴露及其对人体非听觉系统影响的研究进展  

Research progress on military noise exposure and its effects on human non-auditory systems

作　　者：黄文初 金旭 王云[1] 谌玉红 张建 何丽华[1] HUANG Wenchu;JIN Xu;WANG Yun;SHEN Yuhong;ZHANG Jian;HE Lihua(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Institute of Quartermaster Engineering&Technology,Beijing 100010,China;The Army Armored Military Academy of PLA,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]军事科学院系统工程研究院军需工程技术研究所,北京100010 [3]中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院,北京100072

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2025年第1期120-125,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：军事噪声是指军事演习或战争期间由各种武器装备产生的噪声。随着部队武器装备的机械化,士兵在战训过程中的多个环节都可能接触噪声。以往的研究多集中于噪声对听觉系统的影响,而近年来大量的流行病学研究表明,长时间且高强度的噪声暴露可能对军事作业人员的非听觉系统造成损伤。本文综述了军事噪声的来源及特点,包括连续噪声和脉冲噪声两类。军事噪声在强度、频谱和特征方面与非军事噪声存在差异,其中脉冲噪声强度通常超过140 dB,对健康的影响更大。同时本文总结了军事噪声对人体非听觉系统健康的影响,包括心血管系统、神经系统、代谢功能、生殖系统和作业能力几个方面。本综述旨在为军事噪声的预防和控制提供理论基础,以降低职业危害,保障军事作业效能。Military noise is the sound generated by various weapons and equipment during military exercises or missions.With the mechanization of weapons and equipment in the army,soldiers may be exposed to noise in multiple settings of a training session.Previous studies focused on the effects of noise on the auditory system,but in recent years a large number of epidemiological studies have shown that prolonged and high-intensity noise exposure may cause damage to the non-auditory systems of military personnel.This paper reviewed the sources and characteristics of military noise,including both continuous and impulse noise.Military noise differs from non-military noise in terms of intensity,spectrum and characteristics.Military impulse noise intensity usually exceeds 140 dB and may have a greater impact on health.Meanwhile,this paper summa-rized the health effects of military noise on human non-auditory systems,including cardiovascular system,nervous system,metabolic function,reproductive system and operational performance.It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of military noise in order to reduce occupational hazards and safeguard the effectiveness of military operations.

关 键 词：军事噪声 非听觉影响 脉冲噪声 作业能力 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]