某电缆制造企业工人职业伤害特征及影响因素分析  

Characteristics and influencing factors of occupational injuries among workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：徐婷 钱娟[3] 谷一硕 丁道正[3] 乔健健 钱勇 朱晓俊 樊晶光 XU Ting;QIAN Juan;GU Yishuo;DING Daozheng;QIAO Jianjian;QIAN Yong;ZHU Xiaojun;FAN Jingguang(National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 102308,China;School of Public Health,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510240,China;Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yixing,Jiangsu 214206,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心,国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京102308 [2]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510240 [3]宜兴市疾病预防控制中心,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2025年第2期140-144,156,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[背景]电缆制造业的劳动者需要长时间暴露于高速运转的机械设备环境下,加之繁重工作负担,其生理健康面临巨大风险。但该行业的职业伤害问题却较少受到关注。[目的]了解电缆制造业工人职业伤害的流行现状,分析其影响因素。[方法]研制基本情况问卷和职业伤害问卷,对某电缆制造企业1343名工人过去1年发生的职业伤害情况进行调查,共回收有效问卷1225份,问卷回收有效率91.2%。采用描述性统计方法对员工职业伤害的发生原因、伤害部位、伤害类型等特征进行描述,采用卡方检验分析不同人口学特征、职业特征、生活方式、人际关系的群体职业伤害状况,采用logistic回归分析职业伤害的影响因素。[结果]某电缆制造企业工人过去1年的职业伤害发生率为8.6%,主要发生在男性(占80.0%)、5—7月(占45.7%),发生原因主要为机械伤害(占32.4%)和物体打击(占27.6%);伤害来源主要为机械设备(占36.2%)和原料及产品(占15.2%)。伤害部位主要为上肢(占53.3%)和下肢(占22.9%),伤害类型主要为骨折(占33.3%)、擦伤/挫伤/穿刺伤(占19.0%)。单因素分析显示,不同性别/加班情况/岗前培训情况/现岗位工龄/饮酒情况/每周体育锻炼情况/同事关系下职业伤害发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,每周体育锻炼<2次、未参加岗前培训、加班、同事关系一般/较差/非常差的工人职业伤害发生风险高,女性职业伤害发生风险低。[结论]职业伤害人群分布主要为男性,时间分布主要为5—7月。性别、体育锻炼、是否岗前培训、是否加班、同事关系是职业伤害的影响因素。应加强岗前培训、合理安排工作时长、营造良好工作氛围以降低职业伤害发生。[Background]Workers in the cable manufacturing industry are exposed to high-speed machinery and equipment for a long time,coupled with heavy workload,which poses significant risks to their physical health.However,the issue of occupational injuries in this industry has not received enough attention yet.[Objective]To understand the incidence of occupational injury of workers in cable manufacturing industry and to analyze the influencing factors.[Method]A basic information questionnaire and an occupational injury questionnaire were developed to investigate the occupational injuries of 1343 workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year,and a total of 1225 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 91.2%.Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the causes,injury locations,injury types,and other characteristics of employees’occupational injuries.Chi-square test was used to analyze the occupational injury status of groups with different demographic characteristics,occupational characteristics,lifestyles,and interpersonal relationships.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational injuries.[Result]The incidence of occupational injuries among workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year was 8.6%,which mainly happened in male workers(80.0%)and occurred from May to July in summer(45.7%).The main causes were mechanical injuries(32.4%)and object blows(27.6%).The main sources of damage were machinery and equipment(36.2%)as well as raw materials and products(15.2%).The main injuries were located in upper limbs(53.3%)and lower limbs(22.9%).The main types of injuries were fractures(33.3%)and abrasions/contusions/puncture wounds(19.0%).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant variations in the incidence of occupational injuries by gender,overtime,pre-job training,years of service in current position,alcohol consumption,physical exercise per week,and co-worker relationship(P<0.05).The logistic reg

关 键 词：电缆制造业 职业伤害 流行特征 机械伤害 安全生产 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]