制造业企业工人自报疾病患病情况与职业伤害分布特征分析  

Distribution characteristics of self-reported diseases and occupational injuries among workers in manufacturing enterprises

作　　者：张林 李志安 谷一硕 钱娟[3] 陆春花[4] 乔健健 钱勇 杨泽云[4] 朱晓俊 ZHANG Lin;LI Zhi’an;GU Yishuo;QIAN Juan;LU Chunhua;QIAO Jianjian;QIAN Yong;YANG Zeyun;ZHU Xiaojun(School of Public Health,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510240,China;National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 102308,China;Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yixing,Jiangsu 214206,China;Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nantong,Jiangsu 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510240 [2]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心,国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京102308 [3]宜兴市疾病预防控制中心,江苏宜兴214206 [4]南通市疾病预防控制中心,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2025年第2期165-170,195,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[背景]疾病严重影响工人的工作效能。共病是指同一个体中同时存在两种及两种以上慢性病或健康问题。既往研究多从职业场所角度研究职业伤害,对制造业工人自报疾病患病情况与职业伤害的流行特征分析尚不充分。[目的]分析制造业工人的自报疾病和职业伤害的分布情况,不同疾病之间的关联强度和常见的疾病组合,初步探讨自报疾病患病情况与职业伤害的关联性。[方法]采用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家制造业企业2382名工人过去1年发生的职业伤害情况进行调查,经过清洗后纳入分析的问卷共2355份。问卷内容主要包括基本情况、职业伤害发生情况和疾病患病情况三部分。患病情况为研究对象自我报告经医生确诊过的相关疾病,包括肌肉骨骼疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心理健康问题、神经和感觉器官疾病、消化器官疾病、生殖泌尿器官疾病、皮肤病、肿瘤、内分泌和代谢系统疾病、血液病和出生缺陷共11类疾病。使用log-binomial模型计算患病率比值(PR)分析不同疾病之间的关联情况,使用UpSet图分析疾病组合模式。[结果]至少患一种疾病的工人占研究对象的40.2%(946/2355),2种、3种、4种疾病及以上共病人数分别占研究对象的8.6%(203/2355)、5.2%(122/2355)、5.9%(140/2355)。肌肉骨骼疾病、神经和感觉器官疾病、消化器官疾病、皮肤病患病人数居多,依次分别占研究对象的18.0%(423/2355)、13.8%(324/2355)、9.3%(218/2355)、9.1%(214/2355)。患有肌肉骨骼疾病、心血管疾病、神经和感觉器官疾病的工人其职业伤害发生率均较未患相应疾病的工人高(分别P<0.001,P=0.041,P=0.006)。肌肉骨骼疾病与神经和感觉器官疾病(PR值分别为1.86和1.98),肌肉骨骼疾病和消化器官疾病(PR和OR值分别为1.57和2.35),肌肉骨骼疾病和心血管疾病(PR和OR值分别为1.46和2.22)的关联性较强。二元共病组合分�[Background]Diseases severely affect the efficiency of workers.Comorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or health problems in the same individual.Previous studies have primarily focused on occupational injuries caused by environmental exposures,while the analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of self-reported diseases and occupational injuries among manufacturing workers has been insufficient.[Objective]To analyze the distribution of self-reported diseases and occupational injuries among manufacturing workers,the strength of correlation between different diseases,and common disease combinations,and to preliminarily explore the relationship between selfreported diseases and occupational injuries.[Methods]A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the occupational injuries of 2382 workers in 2 manufacturing enterprises over the past year,and 2355 questionnaires were valid after cleaning.The questionnaire included three parts:basic information,occupational injury occurrence,and disease prevalence.The self-reported diseases diagnosed by physicians included musculoskeletal diseases,cardiovascular diseases,respiratory diseases,mental health problems,neurological and sensory organ diseases,digestive organ diseases,reproductive and urinary organ diseases,skin diseases,tumors,endocrine and metabolic system diseases,blood diseases and birth defects,a total of 11 types.Log-binomial model was used to calculate the prevalence ratio(PR)value of the association between different diseases,and UpSet diagram was used to present the disease combination pattern.[Results]In total,40.2%(946/2355)of the study participants reported at least one disease,while 8.6%(203/2355),5.2%(122/2355),and 5.9%(140/2355)reported having two,three,and four or more diseases,respectively.A higher prevalence was observed for musculoskeletal diseases,neurological and sensory organ diseases,digestive organ diseases,and skin diseases,which accounted for 18.0%(423/2355),13.8%(324/2355),9.3%(218/2355),and 9.1%(21

关 键 词：共病 制造业工人 自报疾病 职业伤害 流行特征 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]