救援人员创伤后成长的内涵、特点与研究现状  

Connotation,characteristics,and research status of post-traumatic growth in rescuers

作　　者：李建英 李文霞[2] 李昌俊[3] LI Jianying;LI Wenxia;LI Changjun(Department of Sleep Medicine,Shalingzi Hospital of Zhangjiakou City,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075131,China;Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Department,The 81st Group Military Hospital of the People's Liberation Army,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China;Department of Applied Psychology,School of Law and Political Science,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市沙岭子医院睡眠医学科,河北张家口075131 [2]中国人民解放军陆军第81集团军医院中医康复科,河北张家口075000 [3]河北北方学院法政学院应用心理学系,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2025年第2期245-250,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：河北北方学院省属高校基本科研业务费研究项目(JYT2022043)。

摘　　要：救援人员与受害者作为灾难或事故中的两类不同群体,尽管角色和经历存在差异,但均可能暴露于创伤性刺激,并具有创伤后成长(PTG)的潜在可能性。通过对现有文献以及实际情况进行分析发现,救援人员与受害者的创伤经历,PTG的内涵与特点可能存在本质的区别。救援人员与受害者的创伤经历在准备性、数量与类型、风险因素与保护因素,以及创伤导致的结果等诸多方面存在显著差异。在PTG的内涵上,救援人员可能产生多种积极情感、职业成长等受害者不可能产生的积极转变。在PTG的特点上,救援人员具有职业性、动态过程的复杂性与静态内涵的丰富性等特点。然而目前研究救援人员PTG的测量工具、理论基础均是基于对受害者的研究而提出的,具有一定的局限性。未来研究需要深入地分析救援人员PTG的内涵,构建更加适宜的理论模型。As two different groups in disasters or accidents,despite the differences in roles and experiences between rescuers and victims,both of them may be exposed to traumatic stimuli and have the potential to obtain post-traumatic growth(PTG).Through the analysis of existing documents and actual situation,it was found that the traumatic experiences,the connotation and characteristics of PTG in rescuers may be essentially different from those of the victims.The traumatic experiences were significantly different between the rescuers and the victims,such as preparedness,quantity and types,risk and protective factors,as well as the trauma outcomes.In terms of the connotation of PTG,rescuers may generate various positive emotions and career growth that victims cannot.Regarding the characteristics of PTG,rescuers exhibited by professionalism,complexity of dynamic processes,and richness of static connotations.However,the measurements and theoretical basis in extant research on the PTG of rescuers were both developed on the studies of victims,which has certain limitations.To more effectively explore this research field,future research is needed to deeply analyze the connotation of PTG of rescuers and construct appropriate theoretical models.

关 键 词：灾难 救援人员 受害者 心理创伤 创伤后成长 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]