基于Brown态的多方概率量子同态加密方案  

Multi-party probabilistic quantum homomorphic encryption scheme based on Brown state

作　　者：刘明奎 李祯祯 高博 丁海洋[1] 李子臣[1] LIU MingKui;LI ZhenZhen;GAO Bo;DING HaiYang;LI ZiChen(Digital Rights Management Research Center,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院,数字版权保护技术研究中心,北京102600

出　　处：《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》2025年第4期40-52,共13页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:62472040,61370188,12161061,61762068);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(编号:SB20210010);北京市教委科研计划项目(编号:KM202010015009);北京印刷学院青年卓越项目(编号:Ea202411);北京市数字教育研究课题(编号:20240022);北京市高等教育学会项目(编号:20240014);中国版权保护中心版权研究课题(编号:BQ2024017)资助项目。

摘　　要：量子同态加密可以直接对密文进行计算,这样能够保证隐私数据的安全性.本文提出了一种新的基于Brown态的多方概率量子同态加密方案,该方案允许多个客户端同时委托两个服务器进行任意的量子计算.首先,引入可信密钥中心,与客户端利用B92协议合作完成密钥的分发和更新,以及完成消除T门评价错误的相关操作;其次,所提方案利用预共享的非最大纠缠态作为辅助资源来非交互式地解决T门同态评价时发生的错误;最后,本方案利用Brown态的属性将单客户端单服务器模式扩展为多客户端多服务器模式,更加适用于量子分布式网络,增加了实用性.另外,本文在理论上详细证明了该方案具有正确性、全同态性和信息论安全性,并在本源量子云平台上进行了仿真实验,进一步验证了所提方案的有效性.由于该方案可以实现任意量子线路的同态计算,因此特别适用于量子云网络中的委托计算.Quantum homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data,ensuring the security of private information.A novel multi-party probabilistic quantum homomorphic encryption scheme based on the Brown state is proposed in this study,which permits multiple clients to simultaneously delegate arbitrary quantum computations to two servers.Firstly,the trusted key center is introduced to collaborate with clients using the B92 protocol for key distribution and updating,as well as to perform operations that eliminate T-gate evaluation errors.Secondly,the proposed scheme employs pre-shared non-maximally entangled states as auxiliary resources to noninteractively address errors occurring during the homomorphic evaluation of T-gate.Lastly,the scheme leverages the properties of Brown state to extend the single-client single-server model to the multi-client multi-server model,making it more suitable for quantum distributed networks and enhancing its practicality.Moreover,this study theoretically proves the correctness,fully homomorphic nature,and information-theoretically security of the scheme.Simulations conducted on the Origin Quantum Cloud platform further validate the scheme’s effectiveness.As the proposed scheme can realize homomorphic computation of any quantum circuit,it is particularly well-suited for delegated computation in quantum cloud networks.

关 键 词：量子同态加密 非最大纠缠态 Brown态 非交互式 委托计算 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]