基于概率克隆的量子程序断点调试  

Quantum programs debug using quantum probabilistic cloning

作　　者：姜楠[1] 程晓钰 王健[2] 王子臣 JIANG Nan;CHENG XiaoYu;WANG Jian;WANG ZiChen(College of Computer,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学计算机学院,北京100124 [2]北京交通大学智能交通数据安全与隐私保护技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》2025年第4期80-90,共11页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:61502016);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(编号:N2023W012)资助项目。

摘　　要：量子计算机的发展引起了人们对量子编程的极大关注.然而目前还没有有效的对量子程序进行调试的方法.由于量子态的不可克隆性,以及对量子寄存器的观察会导致量子态塌缩,所以无法像经典环境那样调试量子程序.本文提出一种基于概率克隆的量子调试方案QDebug.通过在量子程序中概率性地克隆一个量子比特,然后测量其副本,得以在量子程序中设置断点,间接地查看量子程序中量子比特的状态,来判断量子程序运行是否正确.该方法不会因为测量操作影响量子程序的正常执行.本文还分析了QDebug在调试过程中的可行性,通过将QDebug应用于量子程序来证明其有效性.The development of quantum computing has attracted considerable attention to quantum programming.However,debugging quantum programs remains a complex challenge.Due to the arbitrary quantum state not being cloned perfectly and the observation of the quantum will lead to the state’s collapse,we cannot debug quantum programs like classical environments.This study introduces QDebug,a novel quantum debugging scheme that leverages probabilistic quantum cloning to set breakpoints and inspect variables in quantum programs.By probabilistic cloning a qubit within a quantum program and measuring the duplicate,QDebug enables indirect observation of the qubit’s state when the program halts at a breakpoint and does not affect the normal execution of quantum programs.We provide a theoretical analysis of QDebug’s feasibility and demonstrate its effectiveness through applications in quantum programs.

关 键 词：量子程序调试 概率克隆 量子编程 量子软件 量子计算 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]