大连市水泥行业水泥粉尘暴露重点岗位职业健康风险评估  

Occupational health risk assessment for key posts exposed by cement dust in cement industry in Dalian City

作　　者：邵小翠[1] 姜红梅[1] 王艳艳[1] SHAO Xiaocui;JIANG Hongmei;WANG Yanyan(Occupational Radiation Health Department,Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Dalian,Liaoning 116035,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市疾病预防控制中心职业放射卫生科,辽宁大连116035

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第3期299-302,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：大连市疾控中心预防医学科技攻关计划项目(DLCDC08)。

摘　　要：目的评估大连市水泥行业水泥粉尘暴露重点岗位职业健康风险,并探讨3种风险评估方法在粉尘岗位职业健康风险评估的适用性。方法选取2019—2022年大连市13家水泥生产企业开展现场职业卫生调查和检测,运用半定量综合指数法、半定量接触比值法和国际采矿和金属委员会(International Council on Mining and Metals,ICMM)职业健康风险评估法定量法评估包装和装车岗位的职业健康风险水平。结果包装和装车岗位共采集水泥粉尘样品172个,总粉尘浓度为0.70~21.13 mg/m^(3),呼吸性粉尘为0.33~7.57 mg/m^(3)。半定量综合指数法结果显示,除2个包装岗位总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘的职业健康风险等级为高风险,其余岗位均为中等风险;半定量接触比值法显示,包装和装车岗位均为中等风险。ICMM定量法评估结果显示,包装和装车岗位职业健康风险等级均为不可容忍的风险3个,高风险1个,可容忍的风险9个。ICMM定量法与半定量综合指数法的风险评估结果呈正相关(rs=0.475,P<0.05)。结论运用半定量综合指数法和半定量接触比值法评估包装和装车岗位风险等级,大多数岗位为中等风险,两种方法结果基本一致,总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘评估结果一致。ICMM定量法评估的风险等级高于半定量综合指数法和半定量接触比值法。半定量综合指数法和半定量接触比值法低估了接触时间较短但粉尘浓度较高岗位的职业健康风险水平,对职业病的早期预警作用较差,对于接触时间较短且粉尘浓度较高岗位,运用ICMM定量法评估风险水平较为合适。Objective To evaluate the occupational health risk of key posts exposed to cement dust in cement industry in Dalian City,explore the applicability of three risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of dust positions.Methods Totally 13 cement production enterprises in Dalian City from 2019 to 2022 were selected to carry out occupational investigation and detection.Three risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk levels of packaging and loading positions,including semi-quantitative comprehensive index method,semi-quantitative contact ratio method and quantitative method of International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM).Results A total of 172 cement dust samples were collected from packaging and loading positions.The total dust concentration was 0.70-21.13 mg/m^(3),and respirable dust concentration was 0.33-7.57 mg/m^(3).The results of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method showed that the occupational health risk of total dust and respirable dust in two packaging positions were high risk,and the other positions were medium risk.The semi-quantitative contact ratio showed that packaging and loading positions were moderate risk.The results of ICMM quantitative evaluation showed that there were three intolerable risk positions among packaging and loading positions for occupational health risk levels,one high risk position and nine tolerable risk positions.The risk assessment results of ICMM quantitative method and semi quantitative comprehensive index method showed positive correlation(rs=0.475,P<0.05).Conclusions The semi-quantitative comprehensive index method and semi-quantitative contact ratio method are used to evaluate the risk level of packaging and loading positions,and most positions are medium risk.The results of the two methods are basically consistent,and the assessment results of total dust and respirable dust are consistent.The risk level evaluated by ICMM quantitative method is higher than semi-quantitative composite index method and semi-quantit

关 键 词：水泥粉尘 风险评估 半定量综合指数法 半定量接触比值法 ICMM定量法 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]