2020—2023年广西石材加工行业噪声与粉尘危害情况  

Noise and dust hazards in stone processing industry in Guangxi from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：傅松文 梁丹玉[1] 黄翔[1] 周本建 黄吉[1] 聂传丽[1] FU Songwen;LIANG Danyu;HUANG Xiang;ZHOU Benjian;HUANG Ji;NIE Chuanli(Occupational Health and Toxicity Evaluation Institute,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第3期303-308,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z-A20230410)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020—2023年广西石材加工行业职业卫生状况及变化趋势,为职业病防控工作提供参考依据。方法通过工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统,收集2020—2023年广西石材加工企业职业病危害因素监测数据,并对数据进行分析。结果2020—2023年噪声、粉尘合格率分别为18.4%~24.4%、62.9%~97.6%,其中矽尘合格率为59.8%~96.4%,其他类型粉尘合格率均为100.0%;微型企业噪声合格率为14.6%~32.7%,呈逐年降低趋势(P<0.05);微型企业、小型企业矽尘合格率分别为59.8%~99.0%、59.8%~93.9%,上年度职业健康检查覆盖率分别为2.9%~58.8%、12.5%~78.2%,上年度劳动者职业健康检查率分别为1.7%~51.9%、15.9%~77.3%,企业负责人职业健康培训覆盖率分别为42.9%~92.2%、58.3%~93.6%,职业卫生管理人员职业健康培训覆盖率分别为51.4%~92.2%、64.6%~95.7%,劳动者职业健康培训覆盖率分别为51.4%~88.2%、58.3%~92.7%,劳动者职业健康培训率分别为47.5%~83.6%、47.1%~89.1%,均呈逐年增加趋势(均P<0.05);2020、2021年微型企业噪声合格率均显著高于小型企业,2022年微型企业噪声合格率显著低于小型企业;2021年微型企业防尘口罩、防噪耳塞发放率均显著低于小型企业,2023年微型企业防噪耳塞规范佩戴率、上年度职业健康检查覆盖率显著低于小型企业,2020、2021、2023年微型企业上年度劳动者职业健康检查率均显著低于小型企业(均P<0.05)。结论2020—2023年广西石材加工企业粉尘合格率逐年提高,噪声超标严重,潜在职业病危害较大;企业越来越重视职业卫生管理工作,但仍然存在管理缺陷,特别是微型企业,应加强对企业的职业卫生监管及技术指导。Objective To understand the occupational health status and variation tendency of stone processing industry in Guangxi from 2020 to 2023,provide reference basis for occupational disease prevention and control work.Methods The monitoring data of occupational hazard factors in Guangxi stone processing enterprises from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the monitoring system of occupational hazard factors in the workplace,and the data were analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2023,the qualification rates of noise and dust were 18.4%-24.4%and 62.9%-97.6%respectively,of which the qualification rate of silica dust was 59.8%96.4%,and the qualification rates of other types of dust were 100.0%.The noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was 14.6%32.7%,which showed a decreasing trend with the year(P<0.05).For micro enterprises and small enterprises,the qualification rate of silica dust were 59.8%-99.0%and 59.8%-93.9%respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health examination in the previous year were 2.9%-58.8%and 12.5%-78.2%respectively,the rate of occupational health examination of workers in the previous year were 1.7%-51.9%and 15.9%-77.3%respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for enterprise leaders were 42.9%-92.2%and 58.3%-93.6%respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for occupational health management personnel were 51.4%-92.2%and 64.6%-95.7%respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for workers were 51.4%-88.2%and 58.3%-92.7%respectively,the occupational health training rate of workers were 47.5%-83.6%and 47.1%-89.1%respectively,and all showed an increasing trend with the year(all P<0.05).In 2020 and 2021,the noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was significantly higher than that of small enterprises,and in 2022,the noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was significantly lower than that of small enterprises.In 2021,the issuance rates of anti-dust respirator and anti-noise earplugs in micro enterprises were significantly lower tha

关 键 词：石材加工 职业病危害因素监测 职业卫生管理 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]