西安市某机加厂电镀车间逸散酸雾综合治理方案研究  

Research on comprehensive management scheme of scattered acid mist in plating workshop of a machine shop in Xi'an City

作　　者：孙玉玺 邢亚飞 刘仓 王明 孟荣荣 刘思奇 SUN Yuxi;XING Yafei;LIU Cang;WANG Ming;MENG Rongrong;LIU Siqi(Eighth Research Department,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China;Scientific Research Management Office,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China;Occupational Disease Hazard Engineering Protection Technology Guidance Center of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所科研八室,陕西西安710065 [2]兵器工业卫生研究所科研管理处,陕西西安710065 [3]陕西省职业病危害工程防护技术指导中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第3期309-314,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：中国兵器工业集团统筹安全生产经费资助项目(JTK2023-01);陕西省疾控职业病危害工程防护技术成果转移转化项目(HSJK-88)。

摘　　要：目的了解电镀车间电镀作业过程中盐酸酸雾等有害物质浓度超标现状,为电镀车间侧吸式排风系统的合理设计提供参考依据。方法2023年7月以西安市某机加厂电镀车间为研究对象,采用职业卫生现场调查、现场检测、理论分析计算、仿真数值模拟等方法,核算排风系统风量需求,提出逸散酸雾综合治理方案,并验证改进效果。结果经过现场勘查与检测,当前排风系统实测总风量为11057.04 m3/h,不满足实际排风风量需求。对电镀车间槽边排风系统所需风量进行核算,并对设计方案进行改进,数值模拟得出,风量核算结果满足系统排风需求。电镀车间原排风罩口风速最大为3.4 m/s,最小为0.292 m/s,风速不均匀度为0.65;进行方案优化后的排风罩口风速最大为12.984 m/s,最小为12.032 m/s,风速不均匀度为0.03,改进效果良好。结论电镀车间盐酸酸雾浓度超标,这是由于排风系统风量过小、风压不足、排风设施及管道酸蚀严重、排风罩设计不合理引起,经改进与验证,综合治理方案对盐酸酸雾的控制效果较好。Objective To understand the situation of excessive concentrations of harmful substances such as hydrochloric acid mist during the electroplating process in the workshop,provide reference guidelines for the rational design of a side suction exhaust system for the electroplating workshop.Methods In July 2023,the plating workshop of a machine shop in Xi'an City was selected as the research object.The occupational hygiene on-site investigation,on-site testing,theoretical analysis and calculation,simulation and numerical analysis and other methods were used to calculate the air volume demand of the exhaust system,propose a comprehensive management scheme for scattered acid mist,and verify the improvement effect.Results Following on-site inspection and testing,it was found that the measured total air volume of the current ventilation system is 11057.04 m3/h,which does not meet the actual exhaust volume requirements.The required air volume for the side exhaust system in the electroplating workshop was recalculated,and the design proposal was improved.The numerical simulations demonstrated that the calculated air volume meets the exhaust requirements of the system.The original air velocity at the exhaust hood openings in the electroplating workshop ranged from 3.4 m/s to 0.292 m/s,with an unevenness index of 0.65.After plan optimization,the maximum air velocity at the exhaust hood openings reached 12.984 m/s,with a minimum of 12.032 m/s,and an air velocity unevenness index of 0.03,indicating significant improvement in performance.Conclusions The excessive concentration of hydrochloric acid mist in the plating workshop is caused by insufficient air volume of the exhaust system,inadequate wind pressure,serious corrosion of exhaust facilities and pipes,and unreasonable design of exhaust hoods.After improvement and verification,the comprehensive management scheme has a good control effect on hydrochloric acid mist.

关 键 词：电镀车间 侧吸式排风 均流设计 数值模拟 工程治理 通风防护技术 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]