常州市某发动机制造企业职业病危害及人员职业健康状况调查  

Investigation on occupational health hazard and personnel occupational health status in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City

作　　者：陆敏霞[1] 谈立峰[1] 尹洁 李映美 付强[1] LU Minxia;TAN Lifeng;YIN Jie;LI Yingmei;FU Qiang(Outpatient Department,Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213022,China)

机构地区：[1]常州市疾病预防控制中心门诊部,江苏常州213022

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第3期319-322,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析常州市某发动机制造企业职业病危害现状和作业人员职业健康状况,提出防治对策,为同类型企业的职业卫生管理工作提供依据。方法收集常州市某发动机制造企业2022年的现状评价检测结果和2020—2023年的职业健康检查结果进行分析,并对常州市某发动机制造企业进行职业卫生现场调查。结果常州市某发动机制造企业重点职业病危害因素为矽尘、噪声和手传振动,关键控制岗位为造型、制芯、铸件清理、装配和试车岗位。造型、制芯、铸件清理岗位的游离二氧化硅含量为50.3%~85.3%,各岗位矽尘超标率均达100.0%;试车岗位的噪声为极重危害,超标率为100.0%;铸件清理和装配岗位为中度危害,超标率分别为47.6%和24.5%;造型和制芯岗位为轻度危害,超标率分别为33.3%和37.5%;铸件清理和装配岗位的手传振动超标率分别为100.0%和57.1%。高温禁忌证检出16人,检出率为11.51%,噪声禁忌证检出21人,检出率为7.89%,疑似职业性噪声聋检出23人,检出率为11.17%,不同岗位的目标疾病检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论常州市某发动机制造企业为职业病危害严重企业,矽尘、噪声和手传振动危害的浓度和强度不符合工作场所有害因素职业接触限值的标准,噪声已对员工造成一定的健康损害。常州市某发动机制造企业应加强矽尘和噪声的危害控制,配备高质量的个体防护装备,定期开展职业健康检查,并对检出目标疾病的人员做出妥善处置。Objective To analyze the current situation of occupational health hazards and the occupational health status of workers in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City,propose preventive measures,thereby providing references for the occupational health management of similar factories.Methods The data from the status quo evaluation and testing results in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City in 2022 and occupational health examination records from 2020 to 2023 were collected and analyzed.And a field investigation on occupational health was conducted in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City.Results The key occupational health hazards identified in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City included silica dust,noise and hand-transmitted vibration,with high risk positions being found in molding,core making,cast cleansing,assembly and commissioning.The free silica contents in the molding,core-making and casting cleaning positions were 50.3%-85.3%,and the silica dust over-limit rates of all positions reached 100.0%.The noise in the commissioning position was extremely harmful with an over-limit rate of 100.0%.It was moderately harmful with over-limit rate of 47.6%and 24.5%respectively in the casting cleaning and assembly positions,and slightly harmful in the molding(33.3%)and core-making positions(37.5%).The over-limit rate of hand-transmitted vibration in the cast cleaning and assembly positions was 100.0%and 57.1%respectively.In the occupational health examination,16 employees were found to have contraindications to high temperature(11.51%),21 have contraindications to noise(7.89%),and 23 employees were suspected of suffering from occupational noise deafness(11.17%).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rates of target diseases among different positions(P<0.05).Conclusions The engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City is one with severe occupational health hazards.The concentration and intensity of silica dust,noise and hand-transmit

关 键 词：矽尘 噪声 职业禁忌证 疑似职业病 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]