我国儿童青少年近视患病率及影响因素的meta分析  

Meta-analysis of the incidence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in China

作　　者：刘庆伟 郭丽 樊爱平[2] 张衡 高凡 辛姝 LIU Qingwei;GUO Li;FAN Aiping;ZHANG Heng;GAO Fan;XIN Shu(School of Nursing,Shandong First Medical University,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China;Department of School Education,Tai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tai'an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学护理学院,山东泰安271000 [2]泰安市疾病预防控制中心学校教育科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第3期399-404,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：山东省人文社科项目(2023-JCXK-004);校级大学生创新创业项目(2022104391593)。

摘　　要：目的系统评价过去十年内我国儿童青少年近视患病率及影响因素。方法本研究通过计算机检索多个数据库并纳入相关文献,检索时限从2013年1月1日—2023年9月10日,采用美国医疗保健研究与质量局的横断面研究质量评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,利用Sata 16.0软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入19篇文献,涵盖1329784名研究对象,其中742649名儿童青少年被诊断为近视。Meta分析结果显示,我国儿童青少年近视患病率为60.0%(95%CI:56%~64%,P<0.01),女生发生近视的风险要远高于男生(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.39~1.62)。连续近距离用眼时长≥1 h、年级、经常躺着或趴着看书或屏幕、每天不做眼保健操、每天户外活动时间<1 h、父母一方或双方都近视、平均每天睡眠时间<8 h、平均每天用电子设备上网时间≥2 h、平均每天做作业时间过长均是我国儿童青少年近视的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。而学生课桌椅高度定期根据身高调整、天黑后在家读书写字同时使用屋顶灯和台灯、课间在户外休息是中国儿童青少年的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论我国儿童青少年近视发生率处于较高水平,近视率随着年级增长不断升高,其发生受多因素共同影响,社会应更加关注儿童青少年的视力情况,引导儿童青少年养成正确的用眼习惯,加强近视干预措施的力度。Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in China over the past decade.Methods This study searched multiple databases using a computer and included relevant literature from January 1,2013 to September 10,2023.The quality of the included literature was evaluated by the quality evaluation criteria of the cross-sectional study of the American Healthcare Research and Quality Bureau(AHRQ),and meta-analysis was conducted using Sata 16.0 software.Results A total of 19 articles were included,covering 1329784 study subjects,of which 742649 children and adolescents were diagnosed with myopia.The meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents in China was 60.0%(95%CI:0.56%-0.64%,P<0.01),and the risk of myopia in girls was much higher than that in boys(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.39-1.62).Continuous close-range eye use for≥1 hour,grade level,frequent lying down or screen reading,no eye exercises per day,less than 1 hour of outdoor activity per day,myopia of one or both parents,average daily sleep time less than 8 hours,average daily use of electronic equipment internet time≥2 hours,and excessive homework time per day were all independent risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents in China(all P<0.05).Regularly adjusting the height of student desks and chairs according to their height,using roof lights and desk lamps at the same time while reading and writing at home after dark,and resting outdoors during breaks were protective factors for Chinese children and adolescents(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in China is at a relatively high level,and the myopia rate continues to increase with grade.Its occurrence is influenced by multiple factors.Society should pay more attention to the visual condition of children and adolescents,guide them to develop correct eye habits,and strengthen the intervention measures for myopia.

关 键 词：近视 儿童青少年 发生率 影响因素 系统评价 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]