面向大型薄壁舱体焊缝区域加工的阵列装夹分析与调控方法  

Array Clamping Analysis and Control Method for Large Thin-walled Capsule Weld Region Machining

作　　者：刘海波[1] 赵九龙 方锐 杨凯 赖小明 张斌 张玉良 李心歆 王永青[1] Liu Haibo;Zhao Jiulong;Fang Rui;Yang Kai;Lai Xiaoming;Zhang Bin;Zhang Yuliang;Li Xinxin;Wang Yongqing(State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing,School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024;Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,大连116024 [2]北京卫星制造厂有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《航天制造技术》2025年第2期9-17,共9页Aerospace Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022Y****04700)。

摘　　要：航天器薄壁密封舱体属于典型的弱刚性特征结构,加工中材料大量的连续去除易使焊缝区域产生变形,导致壁厚超差。在舱体内壁合理施加支撑力可有效提高加工精度。因此,本文虑及焊缝区域壁厚的时变特性,提出了一种基于支撑力自感知的装夹调控方法。首先,通过数值仿真模拟分析了不同支撑力对工件加工变形的影响规律,以1/8区域为子工步获得了最小加工变形的最优夹紧力。然后,以不同工步所需支撑力作为输入,通过力感知实时反馈实现闭环控制,开发了支撑力自感知的装夹调控算法。最后,开展了密封舱体焊缝区域加工试验,结果表明,本文方法能够有效控制加工变形,满足剩余壁厚精度需求。The thin-walled sealing compartment of spacecraft is a typical structure with weak rigidity characteristics.During processing,the continuous removal of a large amount of material can easily cause deformation in the weld zone,leading to wall thickness deviation.Applying appropriate supporting forces to the inner wall of the compartment can effectively improve machining accuracy.Therefore,this paper considers the time-varying characteristics of the weld zone wall thickness and proposes a clamping control method based on supporting force self-sensing.First,numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the relationship between different supporting forces and machining deformation.The optimal clamping force that minimizes machining deformation was determined for each sub-step based on an 1/8th region of the compartment.Then,the supporting forces required for different processing steps were input into a feedback system,enabling closed-loop control and a supporting force self-sensing clamping control algorithm was developed.Finally,machining tests were carried out on the weld zone of the thin-walled sealing compartment,and the results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively controls machining deformation,meeting the required residual wall thickness accuracy.

关 键 词：大型薄壁密封舱体 加工变形 装夹调控 支撑力自感知 

分 类 号：V426[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]