2195铝锂合金电子束焊接气孔及接头力学性能研究  

Study on Porosity and Mechanical Properties of 2195 Aluminum Lithium Alloy Electron Beam Welded Joints

作　　者：汤莹莹 龙莹莹 王炜 张中平 郭盛斌 李跃 王彦超 Tang Yingying;Long Yingying;Wang Wei;Zhang Zhongping;Guo Shengbin;Li Yue;Wang Yanchao(Capital Aerospace Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076)

机构地区：[1]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076

出　　处：《航天制造技术》2025年第2期66-71,共6页Aerospace Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项子项目(2021****402)。

摘　　要：本文基于6.5 mm厚度T8态2195铝锂合金试板的电子束焊接试验,借助X射线检测焊缝内部质量、电子拉力试验机检测接头力学性能、扫描电镜观察接头断口形貌,研究了关键工艺参数包括试板焊透与否、束斑焦点状态、电子束扫描和焊接速度对2195铝锂合金焊缝气孔的影响,以及不同焊接热输入对2195铝锂合金焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,试板焊透和下散焦3~5 mA能够大幅减少甚至完全消除焊缝气孔;控制电子束扫描的幅值V_(X)=V_(Y)≤7且频率f≥200 Hz、采用慢速焊接,均能轻微地减少焊缝气孔;降低焊接热输入能够提高2195铝锂合金接头的抗拉强度,但延伸率基本无变化。接头的最大抗拉强度为395 MPa、最大延伸率为2%。This article is based on the electron beam welding tests of 6.5 mm thickness T8 heat-treated 2195 aluminum lithium alloy test plates.The internal quality of the weld seam was detected by X-ray,the mechanical properties of the joint were tested by electronic force testing machine,and the fracture morphology of the joint was observed by scanning electron microscope.The key process parameters,including the penetration of the test plate,the beam focus state,electron beam scanning,and welding speed were studied on the influence of porosity in the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy weld seam,as well as the influence of different heat inputs on the mechanical properties of the 2195 aluminum alloy welded joint.The results show that the penetration and defocusing of the test plate by 3~5 mA can greatly reduce or even completely eliminate the porosity of the weld seam.Controlling the amplitude V_(X)=V_(Y)≤7 and frequency f≥200 Hz of the electron beam scan and slow welding can slightly reduce the porosity of the weld seam.Reducing welding heat input can improve the tensile strength of 2195 aluminum lithium alloy joints,but the elongation of the joint remains basically unchanged.The maximum tensile strength of the joint is 395 MPa and the maximum elongation of the joint is 2%.

关 键 词：2195铝锂合金 电子束焊接 关键工艺参数 焊缝气孔 接头力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]