青海木里矿区四号井生态地质修复与效果  

Measures and effects of eco-geological restoration in well No.4 in the Muli mining area,Qinghai Province,China

作　　者：赵欣 王佟[3] 王伟超 李聪聪 李飞[7] 蒋志坤 李津 ZHAO Xin;WANG Tong;WANG Weichao;LI Congcong;LI Fei;JIANG Zhikun;LI Jin(General Prospecting Institute,China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China;Key Laboratory of Transparent Mine Geology and Digital Twin Technology,National Mine Safety Administrationy,Beijing 100039,China;China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geology of China National Administration of Coal Geology,Xining 810015,China;School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China;Guangdong Bureau of Coal Geology of China National Administration of Coal Geology,Guangzhou 510440,China;College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;China Coal Geology Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院,北京100039 [2]矿山透明地质与数字孪生技术国家矿山安监局重点实验室,北京100039 [3]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038 [4]中国煤炭地质总局青海煤炭地质局,青海西宁810015 [5]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [6]中国煤炭地质总局航测遥感局,陕西西安710199 [7]中国煤炭地质总局广东煤炭地质局,广东广州510440 [8]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [9]中煤地质集团有限公司,北京100049

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2025年第4期119-127,共9页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201605)。

摘　　要：【目的】青海木里矿区地处祁连山腹地,为黄河重要支流大通河源头,属高原高寒冻土地带,生态环境敏感、脆弱。本世纪初,矿区煤炭无序开采对生态环境造成了破坏,其中四号井开采后面临高陡不稳定渣山边坡、大量采坑积水、冻土挖毁破坏、渣石占地与草甸破坏4类生态环境修复难题。【方法】从地质修复的角度,模拟原始地层结构和属性,对不同地质体进行生态地质层构建和再造修复。通过对南渣山滑坡后缘中部进行削顶减载,渣山表层构建坚硬的土壤基底层,采坑坑壁边坡清理、整治形成台阶或平台状,东侧坑底回填和冻土层修复,采坑积水整治形成高原湖泊,渣山采坑边坡人造土壤层和种草覆绿等多种生态地质修复措施,重新塑造四号井开采后的地形地貌形态。【结果和结论】本次治理范围总面积达1 670.31万m^(2),累计完成回填渣土916.03万m^(3),种草覆绿面积296.8万m^(2)。经历3年的生态恢复,木里矿区四号井的渣山山体整体稳定,用渣土成功构建出的人造土壤,自然生长的草种长势旺盛,地表水质良好,已实现地形地貌、生态环境与周边环境整体自然融合的高原新景观。研究方法和效果为高原高寒地区的生态屏障保护和其他地区生态修复提供了成功经验和借鉴。[Objective] The Muli mining area,located in the hinterland of the Qilian Mountains,Qinghai Province,serves as the source of the Datong River-a major tributary of the Yellow River.This area falls within the alpine permafrost region,exhibiting a sensitive,fragile ecosystem.In the early 21st century,disordered coal mining in this area has caused ecological damage.This has notably posed four challenges in the ecological restoration of well No.4 in this area:(1) high,steep,and unstable slopes of spoil heaps;(2) a large volume of water accumulating in mining pits;(3) permafrost excavation and destruction,and(4) land occupation and meadow destruction by spoil.[Methods] This study simulated the geological structure and properties of original strata from the perspective of geological restoration.Accordingly,it constructed eco-geological layers and performed reconstruction and restoration for varying geobodies.Multiple measures for eco-geological restoration were adopted in well No.4,including(1) roof cutting and unloading of the southern spoil heap from the middle part at the rear of its landslide;(2) constructing a hard base layer of soils on the surface of spoil heaps;(3) cleaning the slopes of mining pit wall and shaping them into steps or platforms;(4) backfilling and permafrost restoration at the bottom of the eastern part of the mining pit;(5) converting water accumulating in the western part of the mining pit into a plateau lake,and(6) introducing artificial soil layers and grass mulching on slopes of spoil heaps and mining pits.These measures have collectively reshaped the post-mining terrain and geomorphology of well No.4.[Results and Conclusions] The treatment of well No.4 in the Muli mining area involved an area of 16.703 1 million m2,a cumulative backfilling volume of spoil reaching 9.160 3 million m3,and a grass mulching area of 2.968 million m2.After three years of dedicated ecological restoration,the spoil heaps in well No.4 generally remain stable.The artificial soils,created using spoil,contribute to the

关 键 词：生态环境修复 生态地质层 高原高寒地区 不稳定边坡 冻土层构建 土壤重构 

分 类 号：TD804[矿业工程—矿山开采] TD823