基于多场信息融合的采动覆岩宏-细观损伤演化及“两带”发育位置判识  

Multi-field information fusion-based analysis of the macroscopic and mesoscopic damage evolution and location identification of caving and water-conducting fracture zones for mining overburden

作　　者：魏江波 王双明[1,2,3] 刘浪[1,4] 蔚保宁 种德雨[5] 刘智振 李东奎[5] 庄登登[4] 周静 WEI Jiangbo;WANG Shuangming;LIU Lang;WEI Baoning;CHONG Deyu;LIU Zhizhen;LI Dongkui;ZHUANG Dengdeng;ZHOU Jing(Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploration,Xi’an 710054,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;College of Energy Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Energy Liangshuijing Mining Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719300,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [5]陕西能源凉水井矿业有限责任公司,陕西榆林719300

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2025年第4期128-140,共13页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52304152);中国博士后科学基金项目(2024MD753979);陕西省博士后科研项目(2024BSHSDZZ 210)。

摘　　要：【目的】黄河中游煤炭开采区采动覆岩破坏特征与“两带”空间结构演化是采空区注浆充填开采领域亟需破解的关键难题。【方法】为准确判识采动覆岩“两带”发育位置,以陕北凉水井煤矿42205工作面为地质原型,根据现场钻孔资料,采用颗粒流离散元方法构建采煤数值模型,模拟分析采动覆岩微裂隙发育、破断岩块分布、垂向位移变化、力链结构演化和空隙率演化等采动覆岩损伤特征和规律,综合判识采动覆岩“两带”发育位置和形态,结合现场实测对比验证模拟结果的准确性和可靠性,提出基于宏-细观多场信息融合的采动覆岩“两带”发育位置精准判识方法。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)采动覆岩微裂隙发育数量随着工作面推进呈正相关关系,且表现为先幂指数增长后线形增长的两阶段特征;在基载比接近1.0且采动覆岩“上三带”完整条件下,采动覆岩破断岩块平均长度随岩层高度的增大呈非线性对数增长特征。(2)采动覆岩强力链拱随工作面的不断推进,其高度先增大后趋于稳定,而跨度同步工作面推进速度;受覆岩载荷不断增大,强力链拱的破坏是岩层破断致使导水裂隙带发育高度增大的内在原因;强力链拱内强力链结构自下而上表现出垂向密集分布和近水平稀疏分布的双区段特征。(3)采动覆岩空隙率与岩层高度呈负相关关系,垮落带沿两侧松散区向中部压实区,采动覆岩空隙率平均由30%逐渐非线性减小至10%左右;融合多源信息综合判识采动覆岩导水裂隙带发育高度平均为69.00 m,裂采比平均为19.71,垮落带发育高度平均为19.63 m,垮采比平均5.61;采动覆岩导水裂隙带形态呈“正梯形”特征。该研究结果相较于传统单因素分析方法具有较高的准确性,其在工程应用方面可为黄河中游采空区垮落带矸石浆体高效充填空间精准计算提供科学依据。[Objective] For the coal mining areas in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,there is an urgent need to determine the failure characteristics of the mining overburden and the spatial structural evolution of caving and water-conducting fracture zones in the overburden,which is recognized as the major challenge in coal mining through gangue grouting filling in goaves.[Methods] To accurately identify the locations of the caving and water-conducting fracture zones in the mining overburden,this study investigated mining face 42205 in the Liangshuijing Coal Mine in northern Shaanxi Province.Using drilling data,this study constructed a numerical model of coal mining using the particle flow code method.Using this model,this study conducted a simulation analysis of the damage characteristics and patterns of the mining overburden,including microfracture development,the distribution of broken rock blocks,changes in vertical displacement,structural evolution of force chains,and the void fraction evolution.Furthermore,this study comprehensively determined the locations and morphologies of caving and water-conducting fracture zones in the overburden.Comparison with field measurements verified that the simulation results were accurate and reliable.Finally,this study proposed a method for accurately identifying the locations of the caving and water-conducting fracture zones using macroscopic and mesoscopic multi-field information fusion.[Results and Conclusions] The results indicate that the microfracture number in the mining overburden was positively correlated with the advancing distance of the mining face,presenting an exponential growth initially and then a linear growth.Under the condition of a bedrock/load layer thickness ratio approaching 1.0 and the presence of intact caving,fracture,and sagging zones in the mining overburden,the average length of the broken rock blocks in the overburden exhibited a nonlinear logarithmic growth with the rock layer height.As the mining face advanced,the height of the arch of strong for

关 键 词：采动损伤 多场信息融合 力链 空隙率 “两带”发育位置 数值模拟 黄河中游 

分 类 号：TD323[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD712