中日个人信息保护制度比较:权利—规则—监管的三维考察  

Comparison of the Personal Information Protection System in China and Japan:A Three-Dimensional Examination of Rights-Rules-Regulation

作　　者：朱红灿[1] 陈继丽 邢文明[1] ZHU Hongcan;CHEN Jili;XING Wenming(School of Public Administration,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学公共管理学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《档案学刊》2025年第2期94-108,共15页Academic Journal of Archives

基　　金：湖南省社科基金重点项目“突发公共卫生事件中‘信息疫情’生成机理及应对策略研究”(21ZDB009)研究成果。

摘　　要：对中日个人信息保护制度进行比较分析,有助于发现异同,借鉴有益经验,更好推动我国个人信息保护制度的优化,同时也有助于保障用户权益,激发市场活力,推动经济转型升级,促进数字经济高质量发展。运用内容分析法从权利一规则一监管三个维度对《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》和《日本个人信息保护法》进行对比。在信息主体权利方面,日本对权利客体的界定更为细致;中国赋予个人更多信息权利;在个人信息处理规则方面,中国对个人信息收集处理的规则更为严格;在监管机制方面,日本设立个人信息保护委员会,统一负责个人信息保护、监管与处罚工作,中国实行由国家网信部门统筹协调,国务院相关部门协同配合的监管机制。中国可从四个方面完善个人信息保护制度:一是完善个人信息处理的合规体系,为数字经济发展提供边界依据;二是推动建立个人信息保护的“共同规制”模式,规范个人数据使用行为;三是打造个人数据资产管理与运营的信托机构,实现个人数据交易市场的自主可控;四是打破个人数据操作“黑箱”,促进数据处理和交易过程透明化。The comparative analysis of the personal information protection systems in China and Japan aims to identify their similarities and differences,draw on valuable experiences,and promote the optimization of China's personal information protection framework.This analysis not only safeguards users'rights and interests but also stimulates market vitality,facilitates economic transformation and upgrading,and encourages the high-quality development of the digital economy.This study employs content analysis to compare the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China with Act on the Protection of Personal Information of Japan,focusing on three dimensions:rights,rules,and regulations.In terms of the rights of information subjects,Japan's law provides a more detailed definition of rights holders,whereas China's law grants a broader range of information rights to individuals.Regarding the rules for handling personal information,China's legislation enforces stricter regulations on the collection and processing of such data.When it comes to regulatory mechanisms,Japan has established the Personal Information Protection Commission,which is responsible for unified oversight,regulation,and enforcement,while China relies on a coordinated regulatory approach led by the National Internet Information Department in conjunction with relevant State Council departments.China can enhance its personal information protection system in several ways:Firstly,by improving the compliance framework for personal information processing to provide a foundational boundary for the digital economy's development.Secondly,by promoting the establishment of a"common regulation"model for personal information protection to standardize data usage practices.Thirdly,by creating a trust institution to manage and operate personal data assets,thereby facilitating the development of a personal data transaction market.Lastly,to break the"black box"of personal data operation,and to promote the transparency of the data processing and trading pr

关 键 词：《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》 《日本个人信息保护法》 个人信息保护制度 

分 类 号：G350[文化科学—情报学]