汤显祖的治生焦虑与《牡丹亭》中的底层文人形象  

Livelihood Anxiety and the Representation of Impoverished Literati in Tang Xianzu's The Peony Pavilion

作　　者：丁芳 Ding Fang

机构地区：[1]九江学院文学院

出　　处：《四川戏剧》2025年第2期52-55,共4页Sichuan Drama

摘　　要：《牡丹亭》中之所以会出现“气酸性木”的柳梦梅,是因为在汤显祖的友朋中存在王生、黄生、周宗镐等极度贫困、无以谋生的底层文人,兼以汤显祖的个人遭遇,引发了其对底层文人治生问题的关注。汤显祖对柳梦梅、陈最良穷酸之气的描写基于对底层文人的现实观照,由此深化了《牡丹亭》的主题,贡献了戏曲行当束缚下的新型人物,对晚明爱情传奇创作与欣赏中的套板心理也有一定的解构作用。柳梦梅、陈最良与全剧各类底层人物一起,在《牡丹亭》的高雅中投入世俗气息,丰富了《牡丹亭》的审美品格。The character of Liu Mengmei in The Peony Pavilion,depicted as"poor and pedantic,"emerges from Tang Xianzu's personal interactions with impoverished literati such as Wang Sheng,Huang Sheng,and Zhou Zonghao—individuals who struggled with poverty and lacked stable means of livelihood.Tang's own experiences and deep empathy for the plight of these lower-class intellectuals inspired his portrayal of Liu Mengmei's and Chen Zuiliang's poverty-stricken,pedantic characteristics.This representation is grounded in Tang's realistic observations of the social realities faced by low-class literati.By integrating such characters,Tang enriches the thematic depth of The Peony Pavilion,introducing new types of roles within the framework of traditional opera conventions.Moreover,this portrayal deconstructs prevailing stereotypes in the representation and appreciation of love legends during the late Ming Dynasty.In combination with other lower-class characters in the play,Liu Mengmei and Chen Zuiliang infuse a secular sensibility into the play's otherwise refined atmosphere,thereby enhancing its aesthetic complexity.

关 键 词：汤显祖 《牡丹亭》 治生问题 柳梦梅 底层文人 

分 类 号：I207.37[文学—中国文学]