高电压双电层超级电容器电解质的研究进展  

Research Progress of Electrolytes for High-voltage Electrochemical Double-layer Capacitors

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作  者:徐桂培 刘浩 赖洁文 卢毅锋 黄辉 易宗琳 邸会芳 王振兵 苏方远[2] 陈成猛[2] XU Guipei;LIU Hao;LAI Jiewen;LU Yifeng;HUANG Hui;YI Zonglin;DI Huifang;WANG Zhenbing;SU Fangyuan;CHEN Chengmeng(Yunfu Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation,Yunfu 527300,Guangdong,China;Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区:[1]广东电网有限责任公司云浮供电局,广东云浮527300 [2]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,太原030001 [3]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049

出  处:《材料导报》2025年第9期16-23,共8页Materials Reports

基  金:山西省重点研发计划(2021020660301013);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项(20201102018)。

摘  要:双电层超级电容器(EDLC)因功率密度高、循环寿命长、安全可靠而应用广泛,但较低的能量密度限制了其进一步发展。提高其能量密度的最有效方法是拓宽工作电压窗口,影响EDLC工作电压窗口的主要因素是电解质在高电压下的稳定性。本文综述了近年来高电压EDLC电解质的研究进展,包括水系电解液、有机电解液、离子液体和凝胶电解质,从电解质组分设计、耐高电压的溶剂分子及阴阳离子的开发、加入功能添加剂等策略入手,着重讨论了水系“盐包水”电解液、有机体系功能添加剂、离子液体的阴阳离子调控和凝胶电解质的设计思路和原理。文末给出了高电压EDLC电解质的挑战及应对策略。Electrochemical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)have a wide application due to their advantages such as high power density,long cycle life,safety and reliability.However,lower energy density limits their development.To increase the energy density,widening the operating vol-tage window has been found to be the most effective method.The high voltage stability of the electrolyte is considered the main influencing factor of the operating voltage window of EDLCs.This paper provides a review of recent research progress on high voltage electrolytes for EDLCs,including aqueous electrolytes,organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,and gel electrolytes.The design of high voltage electrolyte components,including new solvent molecules and anions,and incorporating functional additives are discussed.The principles and the design of high voltage electrolyte of salt-in-water for aqueous electrolytes,functional additives for organic electrolytes,and anion/cation modulation for ionic liquids and gel electrolytes are highlighted.Finally suggestions for the issues challenging the development of high-voltage EDLC electrolytes are presented.

关 键 词:超级电容器 电解质 高电压 电解质设计 功能添加剂 

分 类 号:O646.1[理学—物理化学]

 

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